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Category: Early University history (page 2 of 14)

The Built Fem-vironment: Women’s History on Campus in Four Architectural Structures, Part 2: Oxley Hall

Written by Sarah Stouffer-Lerch

Exterior of Oxley Hall, 1910

In 1908—28 years after Alice Townshend became the first woman to graduate from the university—the first women’s dorm, Oxley Hall, was built. Architect Florence Kenyon Hayden Rector, who attended the University from 1901-1903 and studied under University Architect Joseph Bradford, was hired to design the dorm with his strong recommendation. Despite her considerable expertise, the Board of Trustees demanded Kenyon Hayden work with Wilbur T. Mills: the Board thought a man should also be involved with the project. According to the History of Oxley Hall by Martha Reinhold, Kenyon Hayden ended up doing most of the architectural work herself since neither she nor Mills could get along.

Oxley Hall, 1948

Oxley Hall housed 60 women despite the 600 women enrolled in courses at the time. As one monthly newsletter from October of 1909 put it: “[W]e are desperately in need of more Oxley Halls.”

Oxley Hall—also referred to as the Women’s Dormitory, the Girls’ Dormitory, the Woman’s Building, and the Ladies Dorm—became both a social hang-out and rallying point for university women. Oxley Hall housed the Woman’s Council, an organization whose main goal was to “bring girls together.” The first meeting of the Woman’s Council, in fact, was held primarily to discuss fixing up the Gab Room. Each woman was to donate 25 cents each year for that purpose. In addition to planning events like the Co-Ed prom, the Council engaged in activities to ensure that “out of town” women and women who were new to the University felt welcomed.

Women students chatting in Oxley Hall, 1953

Unfortunately, this hospitality did not extend to all women. Oxley Hall, like all dormitories on campus at the time, was not open to students of color. The construction of Mack Hall, the second women’s dorm, occurred in 1922. This coincided with a growing number of students of color entering the university, who pushed to be allowed to live in the dorms. Even still, it wouldn’t be until after WWII that dorms became integrated. Oxley Hall last housed students in 1966—a year before former president Novice G. Fawcett’s administration sold the “below standard” building to the University Research Foundation.

Editor’s note: Florence Kenyon Hayden Rector (maiden Kenyon Hayden) designed Oxley Hall after 27 days of solitary work. She went on to be a renowned architect in Ohio, as well as being the first woman with an architecture license in the state. (O. W.)

The Built Fem-vironment: Women’s History on Campus in Four Architectural Structures, Part 1: The Gab Room

Written by Sarah Stouffer-Lerch

A black and white photograph of Norton Townshend sitting at his desk in 1883. The office features two desks, a fireplace, a large bookshelf, and a many framed images.

Norton Townshend at his desk, 1883

The first women attending Ohio State University did not have guaranteed student housing or a centralized meeting place—luxuries that were often afforded to their male counterparts. Instead, they would need to find the rare rooming house that would grant them boarding or, for those with family nearby, live at home. For those who were able to find lodging, the ability to socialize with other women was limited both because of the lack of a women’s dorm. In addition, Neil Farm, the property on which Ohio State University originally existed, found itself isolated from the main parts of Columbus at the time.

University Hall Gab Room, 1895

Early faculty member Norton Townshend—father of Harriet and Alice, the first two women students at Ohio State University—decided to address the unmet need for a space for women on campus. His office became the first iteration of what became known as the Gab Room, a derogatory name which labeled a designated area for the socialization of women students. Despite the name, University women saw the office as much more than just a physical space. Although the location changed several times as Ohio State grew, the Gab Room remained constant as both a social hang-out spot and, in some regards, a war room for women students to advocate for their equality on campus.

A prime example of advocation in the Gab Room occurred in 1882 when the university’s forty-five women students congregated to sign a petition to the Board of Trustees. They wanted a women’s dormitory, supplying proper room and board for the growing body of women students. Although then-University president Walter Quincy Scott supported the endeavor, the request was denied.

University Hall Gab Room with Mary Brown, 1915

In 1890, the location of the Gab Room moved to Hayes Hall. No University funds were given in order to furnish the room, so the women did their own fundraising. When a water pipe burst in 1892, the women of the Gab Room once again petitioned the university—their pleas were heard and he water issue was quickly resolved.

One of the last major functions the Gab Room served was as a rallying point for the Women’s Self-Governing Association (WGSA). In the 1920s, the WGSA found itself fighting for a Women’s Union Building. The WGSA members would invite legislators to the Gab Room, now located on the second floor of University Hall. Before the legislators arrived, the spot was made to look even shabbier than its normal appearance. This campaign continued until 1927 when Pomerene Hall, the university’s Center of Women’s Activities, was built. Ostensibly, Pomerene Hall made the Gab Room redundant, ultimately finding itself cleared for other purposes in the early 1930s.

The Gab Room, 1907

To old Columbus town: Trustees choose campus location

It was not always a given that Ohio State would be in Columbus. It’s thanks to the efforts of a few members of OSU’s first Board of Trustees that the campus sits along the banks of the Olentangy River.

At the first meeting of the Board of Trustees on May 11, 1870, the members of the Board presented several different qualities that would be present in the ideal campus location. One member said

University Hall sketch, 1873

that because the school should be academically-oriented, it should be located in a more rural area rather than a city. Another stipulated that, as OSU started off as an agriculture school, it should be built upon a farm of at least 320 acres. Yet another offered that he didn’t think the location should be the most important consideration, but that their choice should be controlled by the amount of the proposed donation. Eventually, they concluded that they would accept bids for the location of the university through the first of September, 1870, and after that, they would begin touring locations.

In early September, 1870, the Board had four main candidates for the location of the university: Clarke county, Champaign county, Franklin county, and Montgomery county. Over the first few weeks of the month, they traveled to each location and toured the proposed properties to determine which was the most suitable for the school. Upon their return, a representative from each of the four counties presented their respective case to the board.

Campus map, 1876

After this presentation, on September 21, 1870, the Board balloted on the proposed locations. Champaign county was dropped first, followed by Montgomery, and finally Clarke, leaving, of course, Franklin county as the winner. The Board followed this vote by resolving that they would stand by this decision if they could find a suitable farm and be guaranteed a $300,000 donation by Franklin county.

In October of the same year, several potential farms were presented to the Board, and after another round of balloting, they decided on the Neil farm, located in Franklin county near the Olentangy River. The campus and the city would continue to grow, eventually overlapping borders thus making the Ohio State and Columbus synonymous.

Written by Hannah Nelson.

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