The Paul Robert Streich Oral History, dated 1997 and 2001, contains audio recordings and transcripts of the interview between Streich and Brian Shoemaker of the American Polar Society conducted on January 30, 1997, and administrative information from 2001 created after the interview. Major topics discussed include Streich's experiences flying airplanes in the polar regions for the United States Navy, photograph mapping expeditions in polar regions, and his memories of life and work in Antarctica during Operation Deep Freeze I.

The Edward M. Ward Oral History, dated 2000-2002, contains notes, correspondence, and transcripts of the interview between Edward M. Ward and Brain Shoemaker of the American Polar Society conducted on November 6, 2001. This interview was a part of a series of polar oral histories sponsored by the American Polar Society and Ohio State University’s Byrd Polar Center Archival Program, with funding from the National Science Foundation. Major topics of the interview include the aerial survey of oil sites in Alaska through Operations Ski Jump I and II (1951-1952), construction of research stations on the Arctic Ice Caps, Ward's long-range flights in polar regions, and his experiences with Operation Deep Freeze (1956-1958).

The Jonathan Duff Reed Papers consist of materials related to the 1926 Byrd Arctic Expedition and first Byrd Antarctic Expedition (BAE I, 1928-1930), including letters of recommendation sent to Admiral Richard E. Byrd on behalf of Reed, portraits of Reed in his expedition gear, photographs taken by Reed during the expeditions, and the Kodak camera he used, equipped with a fast lens for the snow. Also included are newspaper clippings about the expeditions, as well as Byrd's obituaries. Reed's certificate from the United States Navy appointing him as midshipman, his honorable discharge certificate from the United States Army, and a certificate authorizing him to man a lifeboat from the United States Department of Commerce are included. Materials are dated circa 1910-1930, and 1950-1965.

The Irving E. Podrat Scrapbook on Richard E. Byrd contains newspaper and magazine clippings, photographs, correspondence, and other documents compiled by Irving E. Podrat about Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd. The materials relate to the first and second Byrd Antarctic Expeditions, including materials that specifically mention Paul A. Siple, who served on all of Byrd's Antarctic expeditions. The materials also relate to Byrd's North Pole and trans-Atlantic flights. Autographs from members of the second Byrd Antarctic Expedition and a letter from Paul A. Siple that metions Irving E. Podrat are included. It is possible that some of the materials were given to Podrat by Siple or other members of Byrd's expeditions. The materials date from 1926-1937.

The scrapbook was disassembled for storage and placed into folders.

The Earl R. Hillis Oral History, dated 2002-2010, contains audio recordings and transcripts of the interview between Hillis and Brian Shoemaker conducted on May 11, 2002. There are also administrative notes that were created both before and after the interview and are dated 2002-2010. This interview was a part of a series of polar oral histories sponsored by American Polar Society and Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program, with funding from the National Science Foundation. Major topics discussed include transporting fuel and supplies between Antarctic research stations, social life at Antarctic stations, flight navigation, and Project Magnet.

The Admiral Richard E. Byrd Papers are dated 1839-2014, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1925-1970. The collection contains correspondence, publications and other printed materials, expeditionary records, newspaper clippings, photographs, scrapbooks, maps and charts, artifacts, audio and video recordings and motion picture films. Audio recordings include photograph records, audiocassettes, and magnetic tapes, and video recordings include U-matic, Betacam, and VHS videocassettes and DVDs. Films include 16 and 35mm film and negative film reels and strips. Most of the material in the collection is contained in Series 1, Byrd Personal Papers, and Series 2, Expeditionary Records.

Collection topics include Byrd's personal and public life, his expeditions in the Arctic (The Donald MacMillan Expedition and Byrd's North Pole flight), Antarctica (Byrd Antarctic Expedition I and II, United States Antarctic Service Expedition, Operation Highjump, and Operation Deep Freeze), and his Trans-Atlantic flight from New York to France. The Byrd Antarctic Expeditions (BAE I and II) are the most documented overall within the collection, while the Donald MacMillan Expedition, the Trans-Atlantic flight, and Operation Highjump contain the least amount of material. Expedition records deal with the logistics of personnel, communications, finance, diet, nutrition, and equipment. The collection also includes materials on the publicity and media reports created by or about Byrd during or after his expeditions. Finally, while the collection primarily focuses on Byrd, it also includes materials from his family, especially his son Richard "Dickie" E. Byrd Jr. Some materials in the collection about Byrd or his family were created prior to Byrd’s birth in 1888, or following his death in 1957.