The Frederick Albert Cook Collection dates from 1909, 1955, and 1991-2009, with the bulk of items dating from 1991-2009. It consists of materials that are about Cook, including newspaper clippings covering his and Robert Peary's journeys to the North Pole, a book prospectus about Cook's journey to the North Pole, and a microfilm copy of the Library of Congress's Frederick Albert Cook Papers.The collection also contains essays and photographs from writers who argue that Cook did not reach the summit of Denali or the North Pole, and writers who believe that he was the first person to reach the summit of Denali and the North Pole.

The Elaine Whiteford Collection on Richard W. Konter, dated 1926-1931, contains photographs, postcards, newspaper clippings, correspondence, a scrapbook and an autograph book regarding Whiteford's relationship with Konter and his participation in Byrd Antarctic Expedition I, 1928-1930. While much of Whiteford's autograph book contains signatures gathered by Konter during the expedition, she got other notable signatures beforehand including Edith Kermit Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt's second wife and Kermit Roosevelt, Jr., Roosevelt's grandchild.

The Stanislaus A. Antos Papers consist of both original items and photocopies of items Antos created or collected during Operation Deep Freeze I (1956-1958). These items include both photocopies of photographs and original photographs, a piece of seal skin, a photocopy of his diary from that time, telegrams to his wife Rhoda, and copies of newspaper clippings recording "Operation Babyface," a project to fax an image of Antos's new daughter to him in Antarctica; materials date from 1956-1958, and 2000-2007. The papers also contain an audio recording and transcript of an oral history interview of Antos from a series of polar oral histories sponsored by the American Polar Society and Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program. In this oral history interview from May 26, 2000, Antos discusses his time in Antarctica as a part of Operation Deep Freeze I, especially flying airplanes and how helpful he found the Catholic priest at McMurdo Station.

The Paul A. Siple Papers, which dates from 1920-2005, contains photographs, correspondence, a scrapbook, newspaper clippings, periodicals, records, artifacts, postal covers relating to Paul's polar experiences. This includes his expeditions with Richard E. Byrd, including Byrd Antarctic Expedition I, 1928-1930 and later polar expeditions such as International Geophysical Year, 1957-1959. The collection also contains periodicals, correspondence and artifacts that show Paul Siple's connection to the Boy Scouts of America. In addition to correspondence with her husband, the collection also contains photographs and articles from and of his wife, Ruth Siple relating to her Antarctican activities and her travel to New Zealand.

The Herwil M. Bryant Papers, dated circa 1930s-circa 2000s, contain materials that Herwil M. Bryant created or collected while serving on the United States Antarctic Service Expedition from 1939-1941. This includes his journals, both the handwritten originals and photocopies and typed transcriptions of the originals. Also included are photographs, negatives, and photographic slides that he created during the expedition as well as correspondence, notes, press clippings, objects, and ephemera. In addition, the papers contain notes and other materials related to lectures Bryant gave about Antarctica and his experiences during the U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition, including lectures he gave aboard Antarctic cruises. Photographs he took during Antarctic cruises are also included. There are two USB flash drives that contain digital files of Bryant’s U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition journals and photographs as well as narrations he recorded after the expedition. Also included is an unidentified reel of 16mm film.

The Thomas D’Amico Papers contain materials collected by D’Amico before, during, and after his time aboard the U.S.S. Bear of Oakland for Richard Byrd's second Antarctic expedition. The collection contains one coat, four pairs of googles, one pocket knife, one knife in a sheath, one pair of gloves, a three piece set of Fraunfelter commemorative china (a mug, small bowl, and a soup bowl), one United States Navy medal, one American Guernsey Cattle Club medal, one Havalite pencil and lighter combination, and several documents pertaining to D’Amico’s time before, during and after the expedition. Documents include correspondence, a scrapbook, clippings and photographs. Materials are dated circa 1926 to 1957, with the bulk of material being dated circa 1933 to 1935.

The George Frizell, Jr. Photographs and Ephemera Mailed While Serving on Byrd Antarctic Expedition II collections contains eleven photographs, one newspaper clipping about the Bear of Oakland leaving for New Zealand, and one fabric patch commemorating Frizell's time on the Byrd Antarctic Expedition II. The photographs include images of Frizell, Jr, Richard Byrd and other crew members on the Bear of Oakland. Other photographs include images of sled dogs and Antarctic landscapes. Titles of photographs were written on the back of the photographs and are maintained in the collection. Materials are dated circa 1933 to 1934 June 9.

The American Polar Society Records, which dates from 1932-2025, contains correspondence, newsletters, periodicals, biographies, photographs, audiocassettes and a magnetic tape that details the activities and publications made by the society. The collection also contains files concerning honorary members of the American Polar Society.

The Peter J. Anderson Papers, dated 1889-1995, contain research notes, publications, summaries, articles, audiovisual materials, reports, clippings, photographs, and slides, which pertain almost exclusively to Anderson's activities while a member of the Byrd Polar Research Center at Ohio State University. Included in this collection are materials related to Anderson's project, "A Chronology of the United States in Antarctica," funded by the National Science Foundation from 1984-1987. There are also research materials collected by Anderson for polar aviation and in preparation for a definitive biography of Richard E. Byrd. Philately materials collected by and given to Anderson, such as covers (envelopes) from polar regions, are included in this collection.

The Shadow Box Created by Susan Starkey Commemorating Lois Jones' Antarctica Research Expedition in 1969-1970 contains five mounted items inside the frame: a photograph of the research team at the South Pole in 1969 or 1970; an envelope autographed by members of the first all-women South Pole expedition team with a 'Southern Victoria Land 1969-1970' cachet mailed to Susan Starkey in 1969; a photograph of an adelie penguin on Ross Island with a written holiday greeting created by Lois Jones in January 1970; and two rocks collected by Lois Jones during the South Pole research trip. The rocks are numbered to correspond with Jones' research notes: one is speckled black and white, and the other is triangular, flat, and dark gray with 'WV-3R' written on it. The shadow box was assembled circa 2000.

The Chalmers P. Wylie Papers, dated 1927, circa 1939 to 1990s, with a bulk of the material dating 1967 to 1992, documents the public service career of Wylie as a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 15th Congressional District for 26 years, January 1967- January 1993. While some files date from when Wylie was the Assistant Attorney General of Ohio, City Attorney of Columbus and a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, the majority of the collection documents Wylie's tenure in the United States House of Representatives and the records compiled by his office. The collection contains correspondence, bills, photographs, statements, reports, clippings, press releases, campaign files, speeches, negatives, audiocassette recordings, magnetic audiotapes, 35mm slides, 16mm film, VHS videocassette recordings and U-matic videocassette recordings. These materials highlight Wylie's various roles and responsibilities during his career, ranging from his legislative duties, House committees positions he held, his role in the Republican Party, and his interactions with the media and his district, including election campaigns.

The Donald E. Lukens Papers, dated 1954-1991 with a bulk of the material dating 1966-1974, contains correspondence, scrapbooks, case files, reports, photographs, awards, bills, political cartoons, requests, pamphlets, and questionnaires regarding Lukens' political career, and to a lesser extent, his personal life. Materials in the collection reflect the multiple roles that Lukens functioned under as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the Ohio Senate. Some materials, such as the bills and subject files, reflect Lukens' role as a legislator as he reviewed political issues and voted on bills. Other materials, such as correspondence, case files and requests from constituents highlight Lukens' role as a public servant. Lukens also engaged in other political activities such as running for office, being a member of the Republican Party and giving speeches at events within his district.

The majority of the collection focuses on Lukens' first term as United States Representative from 1966-1970, and on his time as an Ohio Senator from 1971-1986, with the latter materials focusing mainly on 1973-1974. There are a few scrapbooks that contain news clippings regarding the events that caused Lukens to resign from office, and other files that are about Lukens' 1987-1990 term as a congressman in the United States House of Representatives.

The William A. Stephen Papers contain biographical and reference material, photographs, slides, negatives, correspondence, writings, research notebooks and two 16mm films.

The Alpha Phi Omega, Alpha Iota Chapter Records date from 1925 to 2010, and contain scrapbooks, photograph albums, photographs, slides, administrative records, and several awards. Administrative records consist of meeting minutes, membership records, fraternity officers' notebooks, and alumni rosters.

These records are from the Agricultural Circle and consist of correspondence, meeting minutes, directories, scrapbooks, notes from the treasurers, and yearbooks. They also include folders regarding the duties of each officer and the history of the group. Materials date from 1916-1999.

The Emanuel D. Rudolph Papers contain course materials, clippings, correspondence, articles, microfilm, subject files, and slides related to the Polar Regions. It also contains Antarctic research data notebooks and records, photographs, maps, microclimate charts, and negatives.

The primary holdings are extensive collections of original drawings, proofs, and tear sheets of Milton Caniff's comic strips and illustrations, audio/visual materials, correspondence files, business accounts, research files, awards, scrapbooks, and realia. The collection has significant holdings of original art and reproductions of Mister Gilfeather, The Gay Thirties, Dickie Dare, Terry and the Pirates, Male Call, Steve Canyon, and illustrations done for the Columbus Dispatch and the Associated Press.

The Correspondence series includes letters to and from Milton Caniff from fans, cartoonists, business associates, family members, and friends. Also included are correspondence and materials regarding organizations and clubs with which Milton Caniff was associated, publicity materials, and articles by and about Milton Caniff.

The Research Material series includes clipping files from magazines and newspapers, film stills and programs, model airplanes, informational publications, and military items used as reference by Caniff for his comic strips and other projects he undertook such as United States armed forces insignia designs.

The Business Records series contains bank statements, syndicate statements, income tax information, cancelled checks, check stubs, ledgers, bills, expense lists, drafts of wills, subscription notices, and household inventories.

The Photographs series includes photographs of Milton Caniff at chalk talks, in his studio, at personal appearances, at his home, and with organizations, family members, and cartoonists.

The Awards series includes awards, citations, proclamations, and certificates given to Milton Caniff from various organizations.

The Memorabilia and Merchandise series contains personal effects of Milton Caniff, Esther Parsons Caniff, and John Caniff, Milton Caniff's father; merchandise for comic strips Terry and the Pirates and Steve Canyon, and art and office supplies.

The Audio/Visual Material series includes promotion and personal film reels, Steve Canyon television show reels, Terry and the Pirates radio broadcasts, slides, and audio casette tapes.

The Scrapbook series contains scrapbooks with material and artwork for Milton Caniff's 75th birthday, newspaper clippings and publicity, awards and citations, personal photographs, and original artwork by Milton Caniff and Noel Sickles.

The Charles Lofgren Papers, dated circa 1900s-1995 contains photographs, obituaries, articles, and news clippings regarding his personal life, his military career, his participation in Byrd Antarctic Expedition I (1928-1930) and his lecture tour that followed. Lofgren's lecture tour and numerous news clippings often focused on his relationship with his sledge dog, "Tom Pratt," who was born during the expedition. The 1989 material is a postage stamp commemorating Richard E. Byrd. This collection is comprised primarily of original materials that date to the time of the expedition or other events in Lofgren's life, with some photocopies of original materials created during Byrd Antarctic Expedition I that were produced at a later date.

The David "Kelly" Welch Papers, dated 1970, 2000-2001, contains photographs of David Welch and the first women scientists to visit the South Pole. This collection also includes an oral history interview on audiocassette where Welch discussed his role as the commander of the United States Naval Support in Antarctica and the United States Antarctic program.

The Harold Joerin Papers, which date from 1932 and circa 1980s-2005, contains newsletters, newspaper clippings, publications, photographs, a map and publications. The bulk of the collection is Antarctican Society Newsletters, which date from 1985-2005. This collection also contains a 1932 map regarding Richard E. Byrd's flight during Byrd Antarctic Expedition I, 1928-1930.

The Richard R. Conger Papers, which date from 1946-1957 and 1992, contains photographs of the personnel, landscapes, vehicles, and activities during the Antarctica expeditions Operation Highjump, Operation Windmill and Operation Deep Freeze I,II, and III. The collection also contains a 1992 Christmas card from William Kearns, whom Conger helped rescue from a 1946 plane crash in Antarctica during Operation Highjump.

The In-Flight Photographs of United States Air Force LC-130H Aircraft date from 2002, and consist of two color images of a LC-130H aircraft in flight with skis extended at an unknown location.

The Dennis Anthony Wagner Jr. Operation Highjump Papers contain correspondence, ephemera, mounted photographs on loose scrapbook pages, and approximately 200 loose photographs taken while Wagner was serving in Operation Highjump, a Navy Antarctic expedition. The scrapbooks pages, likely previous parts of a bound scrapbook, consist of mounted photographs with handwritten captions and titles for groups of photographs on the pages. Photographs in the collection depict Navy ships, sailors, transportation, camp buildings, camp life, and landscapes in Antarctica. The collection also contains a souvenir program from the expedition, clippings about Admiral Richard E. Byrd's death, and correspondence between Wagner and Richard E. Byrd after the expedition. The collection dates from 1946-1957.

The Lewis S. Sims Correspondence and Scrapbook Documenting Involvement in the United States Antarctic Service Expedition contains correspondence sent from Lieutenant Lewis S. Sims to his wife while he was serving on the United States Antarctic Service Expedition from 1939-1941. It also contains one scrapbook of clippings and photographs related to the expedition, dated 1939-1941, and loose photographs and other ephemera that were originally attached to the scrapbook. The loose material is dated 1939-1943, with the exception of two items dated 1962 and 1972. The scrapbook's contents highlight the journey of the Antarctic Snow Cruiser, a vehicle designed for the Antarctica terrain and tested on the Expedition.

The John Campbell Craddock Papers, dated circa 1959-1985, contains research proposals, data, correspondence, field notes and reports, photographs, negatives, lists, summaries, forms, and information about SCAR (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research) related to Craddock's work as a polar geologist. The collection contains numerous files regarding Craddock's interactions with the National Science Foundation, especially in regard to grants and funding and with the SCAR WGG (Working Group on Geology).

The Edgar F. Cox Papers, dated 1907-1975, with most of the collection dating from 1930-1946, contains scrapbooks, photographs, correspondence, storyboards, diaries, radio scripts, periodicals, medals, artifacts and an autograph book that primarily relate to Cox's role as herdsman and carpenter during Byrd Antarctic Expedition II with some focus on the cattle on the expedition. The collection also contains materials relating to his service during World War I and World War II as well as a coin from 1907 and correspondence and pictures from 1975 regarding the naming of Cox Point in Antarctica.

The Cedomir Marangunic Papers for “Effects of a Landslide on Sherman Glacier, Alaska” Dissertation date from 1964 October to circa 1971, and consist of data, photographs, and black and white negatives created by Marangunic for use while writing his dissertation at the Ohio State University. Also included in the collection are minimal amounts of correspondence planning Marangunic's trips to Alaska, as well as a circa 1971 paper on a similar topic to Marangunic's dissertation.

The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Home Economics Records contains budgets for bills and salaries, correspondence, photographs, and publications such as annual reports, bulletins, circulars, conference proceedings, research reports, journal reprints, and pamphlets. The collection contains research in home economics conducted at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC) and files related to the administration of staff and faculty working in the Department of Home Economics at the OARDC.

The Carl O. Boucher Papers contains Boucher's faculty papers, including articles, lectures, notes, biographical materials, personal correspondence, notebooks, scrapbooks, and photographs.

The Margaret Willis Papers contain biographical information, photographs, University School files, curriculum, correspondence, and publications, including yearbooks. It also includes student interviews from her book Guinea Pigs After Twenty Years: A Follow-Up Study of the Class of 1938 of the University School Ohio State, 1961.