The Frederick Albert Cook Collection dates from 1909, 1955, and 1991-2009, with the bulk of items dating from 1991-2009. It consists of materials that are about Cook, including newspaper clippings covering his and Robert Peary's journeys to the North Pole, a book prospectus about Cook's journey to the North Pole, and a microfilm copy of the Library of Congress's Frederick Albert Cook Papers.The collection also contains essays and photographs from writers who argue that Cook did not reach the summit of Denali or the North Pole, and writers who believe that he was the first person to reach the summit of Denali and the North Pole.

The Robert E. Peary Collection, dated 1907-1909, 2002-2006, consists of materials about Robert E. Peary and his journey to the North Pole. This collection contains a photocopy and microfilm reel of a 1898-1901 physician’s diary kept by Dr. Thomas Dedrick, a surgeon who accompanied Peary on his 1898-1902 expedition to the North Pole. Page numbers are written on the photocopies. This collection also includes galley proofs and typescripts for Hampton’s Magazine article, “The Discovery of the North Pole.” Peary edited the galley proofs and typescripts with notes and corrections. Also included is a compact disc that contains a copy of an original 1909 Victor Record recording of Peary reading an excerpt of “The Discovery of the North Pole.” The original format of this recording is not in this collection.

The Frederick A. Cook Society Records, Including Papers of Dr. Frederick Albert Cook, dated 1814, and 1865-2010, contains correspondence, meeting records, publications, subject files, articles, clippings, photographs and audiovisual materials related to the history and mission of the Frederick A. Cook Society as well as some materials created by Frederick A. Cook, including an unpublished manuscript. The collection presents a comprehensive picture of the work conducted by the Frederick A. Cook Society, including the research, writings and advocacy of Helene Cook Vetter (Cook's daughter), Janet Cook Vetter (Cook's granddaughter), and others, "to gain official recognition for the scientific and geographic accomplishments of Dr. Frederick A. Cook." Some of the more prominent supporters and detractors of Frederick A. Cook's accomplishments are found throughout the correspondence, publications, Society records, and subject files of the collection, including: John R. Bradley, Patricia Cook, Marie Fidell Hunt Cook, Hugh Eames, John Euller, Mary Allison Fowler, Andrew A. Freeman, Russell W. Gibbons, Walter Gonnason, Ted Leitzell, Hugo Levin, Robert E. Peary, Dennis Rawlins, William G. Smith, Bradford Washburn, and Theon Wright. General subjects documented by the collection include Cook's Mount McKinley (now known as Mount Denali) expeditions in 1903 and 1906, his North Pole expedition in 1908-1909, and his 1923 mail fraud conviction and incarceration at Leavenworth prison as well as his 1940 pardon from President Franklin Delano Roosevelt.

The Byrd Arctic Expedition North Pole Flight Collection contains materials both from and about Byrd's North Pole Flight on May 9, 1926, some of which date before or after the flight. The collection contains black and white photographs by an unknown photographer of Admiral Byrd, Floyd Bennett, and unidentified expedition members preparing for the flight, as well as a painting of the airplane used for the flight, and programs for events honoring Byrd and celebrating the flight; these materials date from circa 1926 May to after 1926 June. Also included are two 1995 photocopies of essays regarding the validity of the flight. One is by Epaminondas "Pete" Demas, one of Byrd's expedition members who remained on the ground in Spitsbergen, Norway, and was written in 1975. The other essay is by Bernt Balchen and written circa 1960s; while he was not a member of Byrd's expedition, Balchen was also on the ground in Spitsbergen, Norway at the time as a part of the ground crew for Roald Amundsen's May 12, 1926 flight over the North Pole in the dirigible Norge.

“Come North With Me” Transcription and “Bernt Balchen, Colonel, United States Air Force, Retired: A Special Report on the Unique Career of a Great American Patriot” is a transcription and report about Bernt Balchen’s early life, military career, and his work with Admiral Richard E. Byrd’s North Pole and South Pole flights. The materials were brought together by Bernt Balchen's wife, Bess Urbahn. The transcription was a rough draft of Balchen’s autobiography, “Come North With Me” and it was created by Balchen and Urbahn, circa 1957. Balchen used a Stenorette machine to dictate his autobiography and Urbahn would transcribe what Balchen said. In the transcription, Balchen recounts meeting his childhood hero, Roald Amundsen, and working with Admiral Richard E. Byrd on his North Pole and South Pole flights. “Bernt Balchen, Colonel, United States Air Force, Retired: A Special Report on the Unique Career of a Great American Patriot” is a report written by Evelyn Moore Isakson in 1972, and it details Balchen’s work with Byrd, his military service, and the circumstances leading to his retirement in 1956. The report was initially written to appeal to the United States government to award Balchen the Medal of Honor and elevate Balchen to a higher military rank.

The Card Stock Model of the Airship Norge dates from 2017, and consists of a handmade card stock model of the Norge on a display stand; the model was made by Dick Zoerb, who as of 2017 makes card stock models as a hobby.