The Stuart D. Paine and Paine Family Papers, which dates from 1921-1988 and 2010, contains Paine's diaries, sketches, artifacts, notes, certificates, maps and newsclippings that he appeared to gather during and about the Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition (1933-1935). The collection also contains United States Geological Survey quad maps, essays and interview transcripts created and collected by Paine's family regarding his experience during the expedition and about his lead sledge dog, Jack the Giant Killer.

The Robert Dodson Papers, dated 1942-2023, contain materials that relate to Robert Dodson’s experiences as a member of the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition. Also included are some materials about the experiences of other expedition members. Major topics include dog-sled driving, camp conditions, the rescue of Harries-Clichy Peterson, and Dodson’s role testing clothing and other equipment for the United States Army Quartermaster Corps. The materials include documents, such as publications, reports, and equipment specifications, diaries, and scrapbooks of press clippings. Also included are photographic slides, photographs, and audio recordings of oral history interviews with Dodson. One of the oral history interviews is from a series of polar oral histories sponsored by the American Polar Society and Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program. Administrative information and transcripts of this interview are included in addition to the audio recording.

The Richard L. Schulz Oral History, dated 2002, contains administrative notes, audio recordings, and transcripts of the interview between Schulz and Brian Shoemaker conducted on May 4, 2002. This interview was a part of a series of polar oral histories sponsored by American Polar Society and Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program, with funding from the National Science Foundation. Major topics discussed include Schulz’s work as a Construction Mechanic as well as caring for and driving the sled dog teams at Wilkes Station on Operation Deep Freeze III. Also discussed is the transition of Wilkes Station as an American-controlled research station to an Australian-controlled research station.

The Norman Vaughan Papers, dated 1917-2001, contain newspaper clippings, correspondence, photographs, audio recordings of an oral history interview, and a pair of fur gloves, most of which relate to Norman Vaughan's experience as a dog-sled driver during the first Byrd Antarctic Expedition. Some materials, including the oral history interview, relate to Vaughan’s other experiences as a dog-sled driver and his life after the first Byrd Antarctic Expedition. Also included are newspaper clippings that Vaughan collected about the second Byrd Antarctic Expedition, in which he was not involved. The oral history interview is from a series of polar oral histories sponsored by the American Polar Society and Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program. Notes and correspondence related to the interview are included in addition to the audio recording.

The Jacob Bursey Diary Kept While Serving as a Member of Byrd Antarctic Expedition I, dated 1929, contains daily entries from Bursey and a memoranda note where he evaluates his time in Antarctica. Each entry begins with a weather report. Some entries are brief and only contain information about the weather conditions and the temperature. Other entries provide more details about Bursey's preparation and work to mark safe trails for the expedition party, his experience camping out on the trail, and his interactions with the dogs on his sled team.

The Harrison H. Richardson Papers, which dates from 1939-1949 and 2003, with the majority of the collection dating from 1939-1949, contains 16mm film documenting the U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition (1939-1941) and Operation Highjump (1946-1947), and other materials such as three log books, memos, photographs, negative strips, and publications. In 2003, the Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program (BPRCAP) received a grant from the National Film Preservation Foundation to preserve two films documenting the U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition in this collection. The film is believed to be some of the first color footage shot in Antarctica. The grant-produced material in this collection includes use copies in the form of VHS, Betacam and DVDs, and preservation film copies.

The Edward Goodale Papers date from 1956 to 1988, and contains materials collected by Goodale that relate to his multiple trips to Antarctica, as well as general interest materials on Antarctica. These materials include a memory book created for those who served on the U.S.S. Glacier in 1955-1956, four portraits of United States Navy admirals, group photographs of Goodale and unknown others, several issues of a newsletter for participants of Byrd Antarctic Expedition I, Ike's Travels (which discusses notable historic trips to Antarctica), and newspaper clippings about both Goodale's trips to Antarctica and trips made by other scientists.

The Charles Passel Papers, dated 1937-1953, 1971-2004, and 2012, contains notes, correspondence, photograph slides, and black and white photographs from Passel’s time with the United States Antarctic Service Expedition (1939-1941). Journal articles written by geologists and polar scientists, and a copy of the research paper Passel wrote with Paul Siple, another scientist on United States Antarctic Service Expedition, are also included in this collection. This collection also contains VHS videocassettes recordings of speaking engagements where Passel spoke about his experiences in Antarctica, as well as an oral history interview on audiocassette where he discussed his time on the United States Antarctic Service Expedition. The original VHS videocassettes were created between 1996 and 2004. DVD copies of the VHS videocassettes were created in 2012.

The Antarctic Deep Freeze Oral History Project, dated 1998-2005 June, contains recordings and transcripts of the interviews between Dian Belanger and veterans of Operations Deep Freeze I and Deep Freeze II. The Antarctic Deep Freeze oral history project was funded by a grant from the National Science Foundation and supported by the Antarctic Deep Freeze Association. It consists of recordings and typed transcripts of oral history interviews with members of Operation Deep Freeze to capture individual memory and personal perspective on United States involvement in Antarctica during the 1950s. Topics during the interviews include daily life on the bases and various jobs and workloads amongst team members. Abstracts providing brief summaries about each individual interview are included at the series levels in the collection.

The majority of formats in the collection include audio-only interviews, along with two video recordings on VHS videocassettes, one of which is a video recording of the oral history interview of Charles R. Wilson from this project. The other video recording is a VHS videocassette copy of a recording made prior to Dick Slagle's death in 1971.

For all series other than Dick Slagle's, the original recording of the interview on audiocassette is included, followed by a copy of the same recording and then a transcript of the interview. Transcripts of the audiocassette interviews are available online.

“My Life and Good Times” Manuscript by Olin Stancliff is a photocopy of “My Life and Good Times,” an autobiography written by Olin Stancliff between 1981 and 1982. “My Life and Good Times” begins with Stancliff writing about his early life and interests; he then recounts his childhood friendship with Paul Siple, a member of Byrd Antarctic Expedition I (1928-1929), and Siple’s recruitment of Stancliff for Byrd Antarctic Expedition II (1933-1935). Stancliff wrote in his autobiography about the journey to Antarctica on the USS Bear, his job as a dog sled driver, and daily life and social events in Little America II. Magazine articles about the expedition and photographs of Stancliff and Siple are also included in the autobiography.