The S. Edward Roos Papers date from 1928-1999 and 2009, with the bulk of materials dating between 1928-1991; incidental materials related to Roos and his career dated after his death were kept by his son. The rest of the collection consists of items created and collected by Roos over the course of his sailing career, including notebooks from his trips to Antarctica during Byrd Antarctic Expeditions I and II, a photograph album from Byrd Antarctic Expedition I, ship service records spanning his entire career, and correspondence and newsletters from fellow members of the Byrd Antarctic Expeditions. Also included are newspaper clippings about the ships he was on that survived torpedo attacks, research about other ships he had sailed on in his career, a Swedish Admiral Byrd obituary clipping, and photocopies of the Roos Papers at the United States National Archives. Finally, the collection contains Roos's medals and uniform decorations from the United States Merchant Marine, his World War II Victory Medal, Byrd Antarctic Expedition II Guernsey Cattle Club medal, cap badge and shoulder boards, and two Freemason rings. These items arrived in a military medal rolled storage pouch, with Roos's service award bars pinned to it; these bars remain attached to the pouch.

The Antonio Sotomayor Caricature Drawing of Admiral Richard E. Byrd as a Penguin is a 1937 pastel drawing of Byrd's head on a penguin body holding an American flag. The Byrd penguin takes up the majority of the space and is centered in a snowy background with triangular white mountains on the horizon under a blue sky. Four other small penguins appear in the background, and the tail of a fifth one. The drawing measures 14-inches by 18-inches, and is signed in the bottom left corner "Sotomayor/37."

The Fortman Family Antarctica Scrapbook, dated 1932-1947, contains newspaper clippings about Admiral Richard E. Byrd, the Byrd Antarctica Expedition II, the United States Antarctic Service Expedition, and Operation Highjump. The scrapbook has a handmade wooden cover with a wood burned image depicting Byrd's radio towers and the words "Antarctica Scrapbook." The scrapbook was compiled by Myra Williams Fortman, and the scrapbook cover with a wood burned image was created by Floyd Jacob Fortman and Kenneth R. Fortman. A separate folder contains more newspaper clippings and a copy of the General Foods Map of Antarctica (Grape Nuts Map) that were collected by the Fortmans for the scrapbook, but not pasted to the scrapbook pages.

The Byrd Antarctic Expedition I News is a newsletter for members of the first Byrd Antarctic Expedition (BAE I) created by Henry Harrison from 1974-1988. The newsletter mainly consists of messages from or about expedition members and photocopied press clippings related to BAE I and expedition members. Seventeen total issues of the newsletter are included in this collection, including some years where two issues were published during that year.

Volume 12 is not included, but it is not know whether that number was skipped during production of the newsletter, or whether this issue exists but is absent from the collection.

Eugene Rodgers Papers for Beyond the Barrier: The Story of Byrd's First Expedition to Antarctica contains research materials used in the writing of the 1990 book, including clippings and photocopies of photographs, articles, and books about Byrd's first Antarctic expedition (BAE I) and members who accompanied him, aircraft and ships used on the expedition, and BAE I newsletters. Audio recordings of lectures and symposiums about Byrd, as well as interviews conducted by Rodgers are located in this collection. Also included is correspondence with institutions about their archival holdings related to Byrd, with other researchers interested in Byrd and Antarctic exploration, and with expedition members and their descendants, including responses to interview questions. Materials related to the process of publishing Rodgers' book with the Naval Institute Press are included in this collection, such as correspondence regarding edits to Rodgers' manuscript, edited and corrected drafts, an author guide, correspondence regarding the fair use of copyrighted material, publicity clippings and press releases, and reviews of the published book. Correspondence about talks and lectures Rodgers gave about Byrd after the publication of his book, biographical sketches about Byrd he wrote for other publications, and the use of content from his book for documentary films about Byrd and BAE I are also included. Materials in this collection are dated 1967-2005, and 2013, with the bulk of materials dated between 1987 and 1991.

Mary Boland Collection of Clippings on Admiral Richard E. Byrd includes clippings files collected by Byrd family friend Mary Boland on Admiral Richard E. Byrd's expeditions, and photocopies of documents from other repositories concerning Richard E. Byrd. Also included are photocopies of writings by Byrd and Thomas Poulter about several of Byrd's expeditions in the polar regions of the globe, as well as materials related to the dedication of several memorials to Byrd. Materials in this collection date from the 1920s-1997.

The Katharine Byrd and Robert G. Breyer Family Papers on Richard E. Byrd contain correspondence, plaques, a scrapbook, clippings, photographs, programs, digital media and other documents related to Katharine Byrd Breyer and her husband Robert G. Breyer's participation in programs honoring Katharine's father, Admiral Richard E. Byrd. The materials mainly relate to posthumous building, ship, and monument dedications, and other ceremonies honoring Richard E. Byrd from locations around the world, including a significant dedication in Wellington, New Zealand, on the fifth anniversary of Byrd's death in 1962. The collection also has a few items dated before Richard E. Byrd's death, including some correspondence sent from Byrd to Katharine and Robert, and one 2007 clipping on Richard E. Byrd collected by Robert G. and Katharine's son, Robert Byrd Breyer. The materials are dated 1938-circa 2000s.

The Carl Hoffmeyer Scrapbook on Operation Deep Freeze I, dated 1955-1957, contains newspaper clippings about the United States’ exploration and research progress during Operation Deep Freeze I. Newspaper clippings about the exploration of Antarctica by the United Kingdom, Russia, New Zealand, and Japan are also included in the scrapbook. Hoffmeyer divided the scrapbook into several sections; the sections are divided by articles that define the purpose of Operation Deep Freeze, the equipment used during the expedition, and the operation’s progress. The last part of the scrapbook has newspaper clippings related to the International Geophysical Year and the death of Admiral Richard E. Byrd.

The Old Antarctic Explorers Association Records date from 2002, and consist of materials from the association. Materials include a history of the organization, membership application, magnet from the first reunion in 2002, logo sticker, and a label from a "Penguin Beer" beer bottle, which was brewed in honor of the group's first reunion. Also included is a poem written about an infamous outhouse on Antarctica by Billy-Ace "Penguin" Baker.

The John Splettstoesser Papers, dated 1973-2002, 2015, consist of VHS videocassettes, a DVD, and a postcard. The videocassettes and DVD contain documentaries about the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914-1917), Byrd Antarctic Expedition II (1933-1935), and the exploration of the South Pole. Also included in this collection is a postcard from Richard Goldthwait, one of the founders of the Institute of Polar Studies at The Ohio State University. Goldthwait wrote to Splettstoesser about his work in Antarctica.

The Carl O. Petersen Papers, dated 1920-circa 1930s, contains correspondence sent from Admiral Richard E. Byrd to Petersen and his wife, clippings from American periodicals and one French periodical on the Byrd Antarctic Expeditions, two blank fleet naval reserve radio logs, a photograph of penguins and a ship docked in Antarctica, and an 1920 photograph of Petersen in military uniform in the West Indies.

The Mary Louise Burandt Scrapbooks on Richard E. Byrd and the United States Antarctic Service Expedition contain three scrapbooks Burandt created about Richard E. Byrd, dated 1933-1937, and a fourth scrapbook about the United States Antarctic Service Expedition, dated 1938-1941. The scrapbooks about Byrd contain clippings from magazines and newspapers about Byrd in general as well as his first two expeditions, postal covers from Antarctica, fliers advertising Byrd's public appearances, and a note written from Byrd indicating he had viewed the scrapbook. They also contain handwritten captions and typed essays about Byrd written by Burandt, and letters sent to Burandt from Byrd and his secretary. The United States Antarctic Service Expedition scrapbook is composed mainly of clippings about the expedition, and contains a music score for "Byrd (You're the 'Byrd' of Them All)" by Howard Johnson.

Correspondence Sent by Byrd Antarctic Expedition II Member Clarence Arthur "Art" Abele, Jr. to Fred Edwin Mathias contains a handwritten holiday card from January 1934 and a two-page handwritten letter from January 1935, accompanied by the original envelopes they were mailed in. The holiday card depicts a black and white line drawing of penguins and says "Greetings from Little America." Abele wrote a brief greeting to Mathias while at sea, the day before he arrived in Little America on the second Byrd Antarctic Expedition (BAE II), commenting on Mathias' new career as a traveling salesman, and noting when he is expected to arrive in Little America. The 1935 letter from Abele thanks Mathias for sending him a Christmas greeting from Portugal, reflects on their time at Harvard speculating what their future lives would be like, and discusses what it was like to live in Antarctica for a year, noting that they are in the process of packing up and returning home to the United States.

The Robert Stephenson Presentation on Richard E. Byrd and Photocopies of Newspaper Articles About Byrd, dated April 2007, consists of a compact disc containing a slide show presentation and photocopies of newspaper articles. The slide show presentation was created by Stephenson and given at a conference at the Byrd Polar Research Center at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. The newspaper articles are about Byrd's 1930 vacation in Dublin, New Hampshire.

The Jacob Bursey Diary Kept While Serving as a Member of Byrd Antarctic Expedition I, dated 1929, contains daily entries from Bursey and a memoranda note where he evaluates his time in Antarctica. Each entry begins with a weather report. Some entries are brief and only contain information about the weather conditions and the temperature. Other entries provide more details about Bursey's preparation and work to mark safe trails for the expedition party, his experience camping out on the trail, and his interactions with the dogs on his sled team.

The Raymond Fosdick Papers, dated 1926-1955 and 1979-1983, contain correspondence and American flags sent to Raymond Fosdick by Richard E. Byrd. Byrd had a practice of taking flags on his flights and expeditions then gifting them to friends and benefactors upon his return. Some of the correspondence accompanied the flags and some of the correspondence relates to other topics, such as the Fosdick Mountains. Materials created after Fosdick's death were received or collected by his family and also relate to Byrd and his relationship with Fosdick.

The Keystone View Company "600 Set" Antarctica Stereoviews date from the 1920s, and consist of three black and white photographic stereoviews from that set depicting scenes from two different Antarctic expeditions. Stereoviews have explanatory text and questions about the images printed on their backs and are numbered 344, 345, and 346. These are the only images in the Antarctic section of the "600 Set" as produced during the 1920s. 344 and 345 depict scenes from the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897-1899), while 346 depicts polar explorer Roald Amundsen several days after his discovery of the South Pole in 1911.

The Reprint of Leonard Hussey and Dogs Photograph Taken by Frank Hurley During the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, with Inscription by Charles J. Green consists of a black and white photograph reprint of an image by Hurley of Hussey holding a large dog named Samson with another dog named Pudge looking on; this reprint was produced in the 1960s. The photograph was originally taken between 1914 and 1917 during Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Hussey was the smallest member of the expedition; Samson was the largest dog, and weighed 30 pounds more than Hussey at the time. The photograph is in an enclosure with the inscription "Kind Regards from CJ Green, Antarctic Expeditions 1914-1916 Endurance, 1921-1922 Quest," and also lists Hussey's, Samson's, and Pudge's weights in stones.