The Paul A. Siple Papers, which dates from 1920-2005, contains photographs, correspondence, a scrapbook, newspaper clippings, periodicals, records, artifacts, postal covers relating to Paul's polar experiences. This includes his expeditions with Richard E. Byrd, including Byrd Antarctic Expedition I, 1928-1930 and later polar expeditions such as International Geophysical Year, 1957-1959. The collection also contains periodicals, correspondence and artifacts that show Paul Siple's connection to the Boy Scouts of America. In addition to correspondence with her husband, the collection also contains photographs and articles from and of his wife, Ruth Siple relating to her Antarctican activities and her travel to New Zealand.

The Walter K. Queen Papers contain correspondence, photographs, records, artifacts, and ephemera created or collected by Walter K. Queen that mostly document his experience during the Byrd Antarctic Expedition II (BAE II). The bulk of the papers consist of correspondence, which includes letters, telegrams, and radiograms sent and received by Queen. Much of the correspondence was to and from Queen's wife and daughters during BAE II as well as to and from Richard E. Byrd during and after BAE II. The photographs were mostly taken during BAE II and are images of Antarctica and the ships used during the expedition. Also included are records and messages to Queen that relate to his role as chief engineer aboard the S.S. Jacob Ruppert during BAE II and the refitting the Bear of Oakland in 1939 for the United States Antarctic Service Expedition. The artifacts include uniform pieces, glass bottles from Byrd expeditions, and two nails taken from the Bear of Oakland. Also included are three pocket Bibles, an address book, and an autograph book owned by Queen during BAE II. Ephemera, programs, and other materials related to events from after BAE II are also included. Materials are dated from 1900-1981, with the bulk of the materials dated from 1933-1939. The materials from after Queen's death were received and collected by the Queen family and relate to Queen's experiences in Antarctica during BAE II.

The Stuart D. Paine and Paine Family Papers, which dates from 1921-1988 and 2010, contains Paine's diaries, sketches, artifacts, notes, certificates, maps and newsclippings that he appeared to gather during and about the Second Byrd Antarctic Expedition (1933-1935). The collection also contains United States Geological Survey quad maps, essays and interview transcripts created and collected by Paine's family regarding his experience during the expedition and about his lead sledge dog, Jack the Giant Killer.

The Donald Walk Papers contain materials Walk collected while serving in the United States Navy in Antarctica during the United States' Operation Deep Freeze 61. These materials include 35mm slides, photographs, magnetic audio tapes of recordings Walk sent to his family while on assignment, 8mm film, administrative reports, clippings, medical research, correspondence, and Antarctic clothing and equipment documenting Walk's experience as a psychiatrist and administrator. The collection also contains clippings and other publications that Walk collected after his assignment was completed, and digitized copies of most of the collection materials on DVDs and compact discs. The collection is dated 1945-1969 and circa 2006-2008.

The Edgar F. Cox Papers, dated 1907-1975, with most of the collection dating from 1930-1946, contains scrapbooks, photographs, correspondence, storyboards, diaries, radio scripts, periodicals, medals, artifacts and an autograph book that primarily relate to Cox's role as herdsman and carpenter during Byrd Antarctic Expedition II with some focus on the cattle on the expedition. The collection also contains materials relating to his service during World War I and World War II as well as a coin from 1907 and correspondence and pictures from 1975 regarding the naming of Cox Point in Antarctica.

The Philip M. Smith Papers, dated circa 1898-1935 and 1954-2013, contains photographs, slides, postal covers, publications, reports, newspaper clippings, treaties, artifacts, certificates and maps, which document Smith's career in administration of research in the Polar Regions, as well as his own fieldwork. Some of the artifacts and framed prints contain materials such as paintings and signs that predate Smith's career and relate to polar explorers, including British explorers, and to landscapes.

The Mortimer Turner Papers, dated 1945-2004, contains correspondence, maps, an oral history, publications, proposals, reports, photographs, negatives, budgets, oral histories, rosters, forms, lantern slides and a hooded parka that come from his tenure at both the Division of Polar Programs and the Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation. The collection also contains a few personal files and files related to other positions that Turner held during his career.