The Stephen O. Wilson Papers contain log books and journals kept by Wilson while serving in the United States Navy during Operation Deep Freeze I, II, and III, as well as some naval dispatches and reports from that time period; these materials date from 1955 to 1958. The papers also contain an audio recording and transcript of an oral history interview of Wilson from a series of polar oral histories sponsored by the American Polar Society and Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program. In this oral history interview from August 13, 2001, Wilson discusses his experiences during Operation Deep Freeze I, II, and III, working on icebreaker ships, and his career following his service in the United Statees Navy. The interview and transcript date from 2001-2003.

The Craig W. Brown Papers, dated 1963, 2002, 2009, contains program summaries and schematic drawings created by Craig Brown when he was stationed at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station Research in 1963. This collection also contains an oral history interview on audiocassettes where Brown discussed his career with the United States Weather Bureau and his scientific research at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station.

The Julius Grigore Jr. Papers, dated 1992-2004, consist of photocopies of articles Grigore wrote, photocopies of correspondence Grigore sent to Admiral Richard E. Byrd regarding Operation Deep Freeze I, and a monograph Grigore wrote about aerophilately and the First Byrd Antarctic Expedition. Articles written by Grigore from 1967 to 2004 feature topics such as Panama aerophilately (the study of airmail) and the history and research of the wind chill index. The correspondence, which originally dates 1954-1955, contains Grigore’s initial letter of interest and application to join Byrd on Operation Deep Freeze I, and follow-up correspondence by Grigore to inquire about the status of his application. A copy of Grigore’s monograph, “Canal Zone and Panama Aerophilately and Philately Associated with the First Byrd Antarctic Expedition (BAE I), between 1928 and 1930,” is also included in this collection.

The Herb Harvis Collection of Byrd Antarctic II Expedition Glass Slides and Maps of Antarctica, dated 1910s-1934, 1964-1987, contains materials related to Byrd Antarctic Expedition II and the exploration and mapping of Antarctica. The glass lantern slides contain photographs taken during Byrd Antarctic Expedition II. The expedition crew, Little America, the Antarctic landscape, the United States Ship Bear, and Richard E. Byrd’s aircraft are featured in these images. It is not known who took the photographs. A glass lantern slide projector is also included. This collection also includes the Antarctic Map Folio Series published by the American Geographical Society of New York. The map folios are dated 1964-1975. Geological maps of Antarctica prepared by the United States Geological Survey and a map of the Falkland Islands published by the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defense are also included in this collection.

The Fortman Family Antarctica Scrapbook, dated 1932-1947, contains newspaper clippings about Admiral Richard E. Byrd, the Byrd Antarctica Expedition II, the United States Antarctic Service Expedition, and Operation Highjump. The scrapbook has a handmade wooden cover with a wood burned image depicting Byrd's radio towers and the words "Antarctica Scrapbook." The scrapbook was compiled by Myra Williams Fortman, and the scrapbook cover with a wood burned image was created by Floyd Jacob Fortman and Kenneth R. Fortman. A separate folder contains more newspaper clippings and a copy of the General Foods Map of Antarctica (Grape Nuts Map) that were collected by the Fortmans for the scrapbook, but not pasted to the scrapbook pages.

The Charles Passel Papers, dated 1937-1953, 1971-2004, and 2012, contains notes, correspondence, photograph slides, and black and white photographs from Passel’s time with the United States Antarctic Service Expedition (1939-1941). Journal articles written by geologists and polar scientists, and a copy of the research paper Passel wrote with Paul Siple, another scientist on United States Antarctic Service Expedition, are also included in this collection. This collection also contains VHS videocassettes recordings of speaking engagements where Passel spoke about his experiences in Antarctica, as well as an oral history interview on audiocassette where he discussed his time on the United States Antarctic Service Expedition. The original VHS videocassettes were created between 1996 and 2004. DVD copies of the VHS videocassettes were created in 2012.

The David "Kelly" Welch Papers, dated 1970, 2000-2001, contains photographs of David Welch and the first women scientists to visit the South Pole. This collection also includes an oral history interview on audiocassette where Welch discussed his role as the commander of the United States Naval Support in Antarctica and the United States Antarctic program.

The Carl Hoffmeyer Scrapbook on Operation Deep Freeze I, dated 1955-1957, contains newspaper clippings about the United States’ exploration and research progress during Operation Deep Freeze I. Newspaper clippings about the exploration of Antarctica by the United Kingdom, Russia, New Zealand, and Japan are also included in the scrapbook. Hoffmeyer divided the scrapbook into several sections; the sections are divided by articles that define the purpose of Operation Deep Freeze, the equipment used during the expedition, and the operation’s progress. The last part of the scrapbook has newspaper clippings related to the International Geophysical Year and the death of Admiral Richard E. Byrd.

The Old Antarctic Explorers Association Records date from 2002, and consist of materials from the association. Materials include a history of the organization, membership application, magnet from the first reunion in 2002, logo sticker, and a label from a "Penguin Beer" beer bottle, which was brewed in honor of the group's first reunion. Also included is a poem written about an infamous outhouse on Antarctica by Billy-Ace "Penguin" Baker.

The John Splettstoesser Papers, dated 1973-2002, 2015, consist of VHS videocassettes, a DVD, and a postcard. The videocassettes and DVD contain documentaries about the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914-1917), Byrd Antarctic Expedition II (1933-1935), and the exploration of the South Pole. Also included in this collection is a postcard from Richard Goldthwait, one of the founders of the Institute of Polar Studies at The Ohio State University. Goldthwait wrote to Splettstoesser about his work in Antarctica.

The Lawrence A. Warner Field Notebooks From United States Antarctic Service Expedition, dated November-December 1940, consists of five field notebooks written by Warner while he was conducting a geological survey of the Edsel Ford Ranges in Antarctica as part of the United States Antarctic Service Expedition. Each notebook is numbered and has a title, except for the 4th and 5th notebooks. The notebooks contain an index to reference where graphs and drawings are in the notebook. Summaries of the types of rocks and minerals that were discovered at the Edsel Ford Ranges are also included in the notebooks.

The Dr. George Doumani Papers, dated 1957-1963, 2001-2002, contain rubber stamps, a stamped envelope and order form, and a stamp plate. Doumani ordered these materials when he was an employee at the Ohio State University (OSU) Institute of Polar Studies. The stamps feature the Antarctic expeditions Doumani attended through the Institute of Polar Studies: The Mount Weaver Expedition and the Antarctic Geological Expedition. A stamp for the International Geophysical Year, 1957-1958 is also included. This collection also includes an oral history interview on audiocassette. In the oral history interview, he discussed fossil discovery in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year and his work with the Institute of Polar Studies.

The Stephen L. DenHartog Oral History, dated 1981-2009, contains audio recordings, administrative information, and transcripts of the interview between DenHartog and Brian Shoemaker of the American Polar Society conducted on October 22, 2002. The collection also contains personal notes by DenHartog about his life, which were created starting in 1981, and correspondence from 2009 about the transcripts of the interview. This interview was a part of a series of polar oral histories sponsored by American Polar Society and Ohio State University's Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program, with funding from the National Science Foundation. Major topics that DenHartog discussed include going to Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958), his experiences during the Ross Ice Shelf Traverse and the Victoria Land Traverse, the story of how Albert (Bert) Crary needed to be rescued after the piece of ice that he was working on split off into the water, spending the winter at Little America V, working at the second Arctic Research Laboratory Ice Station (ARLIS II), which was a station installed on a floating ice island off the coast of Point Barrow, Alaska, working for the University of Wisconsin Geophysical and Polar Research Center in Alaska and Antarctica, and working aboard the SS Manhattan in the Northwest Passage.

The Wakefield Dort, Jr. Papers collections contains aerial photgraphs, photograph negatives, photographs, a field notebook, a United States Antarctic Research Program flag, a United States Antarctic Research Program plaque, maps, audio tapes, patches, and 16mm and 35mm slides. Items in this collection were complied during Dort, Jr's time in the United States Antarctic Research Program. Material is dated circa 1940s to 2002 March.

The Scrapbook Documenting Operation Deepfreeze and News about Antarctica is a scrapbook containing newspaper clippings concerning Operation Deepfreeze and other news connected with research occuring at that time in Antarctica; it dates from 1955-1956. The creator of the scrapbook is unknown, but was donated by Richard E. Byrd's grandson Robert Breyer.

The Thomas Gray Papers, dated 1959, 2000-2006, consist of a wooden plaque painted by Thomas Gray while he was stationed at Little America V during the International Geophysical Year, 1957-1958. This collection also includes an oral history interview on audiocassette where Gray discussed his experience as the chief meteorologist of the Antarctic Weather Bureau and how he managed a team of international meteorologists.

The Jere H. Lipps Papers date from 1971 to 1992, and consist of correspondence, writings, notes, photographs, and negatives related to Lipps' multiple trips to Antarctica between 1971 and 1982. Materials dated after these trips are writings and publications by Lipps about his time in Antarctica and his research findings.

The National Science Foundation Research Vessel Hero Records consists of operations manuals, ships logs, reports, receipts, contracts, correspondence, deck logs, and engine logs from the Research Vessel Hero's years in service as a field vessel for the National Science Foundation; materials date from 1970 to 1985.