The George F. Kosco Papers, which dates from 1945-before 1993, contains photograph albums, a VHS videocassette and a 16mm film regarding Operation Highjump. The videocassette contains footage of the surrender of Japanese forces during World War II, a trip to the Arctic and Operation Highjump.

The Admiral Richard E. Byrd Papers are dated 1839-2014, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1925-1970. The collection contains correspondence, publications and other printed materials, expeditionary records, newspaper clippings, photographs, scrapbooks, maps and charts, artifacts, audio and video recordings and motion picture films. Audio recordings include photograph records, audiocassettes, and magnetic tapes, and video recordings include U-matic, Betacam, and VHS videocassettes and DVDs. Films include 16 and 35mm film and negative film reels and strips. Most of the material in the collection is contained in Series 1, Byrd Personal Papers, and Series 2, Expeditionary Records.

Collection topics include Byrd's personal and public life, his expeditions in the Arctic (The Donald MacMillan Expedition and Byrd's North Pole flight), Antarctica (Byrd Antarctic Expedition I and II, United States Antarctic Service Expedition, Operation Highjump, and Operation Deep Freeze), and his Trans-Atlantic flight from New York to France. The Byrd Antarctic Expeditions (BAE I and II) are the most documented overall within the collection, while the Donald MacMillan Expedition, the Trans-Atlantic flight, and Operation Highjump contain the least amount of material. Expedition records deal with the logistics of personnel, communications, finance, diet, nutrition, and equipment. The collection also includes materials on the publicity and media reports created by or about Byrd during or after his expeditions. Finally, while the collection primarily focuses on Byrd, it also includes materials from his family, especially his son Richard "Dickie" E. Byrd Jr. Some materials in the collection about Byrd or his family were created prior to Byrd’s birth in 1888, or following his death in 1957.

The Harrison H. Richardson Papers, which dates from 1939-1949 and 2003, with the majority of the collection dating from 1939-1949, contains 16mm film documenting the U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition (1939-1941) and Operation Highjump (1946-1947), and other materials such as three log books, memos, photographs, negative strips, and publications. In 2003, the Byrd Polar Research Center Archival Program (BPRCAP) received a grant from the National Film Preservation Foundation to preserve two films documenting the U.S. Antarctic Service Expedition in this collection. The film is believed to be some of the first color footage shot in Antarctica. The grant-produced material in this collection includes use copies in the form of VHS, Betacam and DVDs, and preservation film copies.

The Ernest Earl Lockhart Papers, which dates from 1933-1955 and 1988-2001, contains biographical information, diary and journal entries, correspondence, reports, clippings, articles, films, and photographs, which document Lockhart's experience as a member of the United States Antarctic Service Expedition, 1939-1941. The materials that date from 1988-2001 concern Lockhart's attendance at an event that commemorated Byrd's 100th birthday in 1988, requests for his expedition films so they can be included in a documentary, and a postal cover guide regarding the designs of the mail sent during the expedition.