Bibliography of Ancient Hebrew, Hebrew Bible,
Palestinian Archaeology, & Semitic Languages

GENERAL:
Old Testament Abstracts BS410 O44
Religious and Theological Abstracts Ref BL1 R4
Religion Index One Ref Z7753 A52 (only from 1949 on) - subject and author index to periodical literature.
Religion Index Two Ref Z7753 A53 (only from 1960 on) - subject and author index to multi-author/edited works.
Dissertation Abstracts International. Ref AS30 M62 (section A)
Index to Book Reviews in Religion. Trinity Lutheran Seminary
Critical Review of Books in Religion. BL1 C74

Encyclopedia Judaica. Ref BM50* E5
Bible Dictionaries: Ref BS440 and following.  Note especially the excellent but often dated Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible (with 1962 Supplement) now replaced by the Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992).
Eliade, Mircea, The Encyclopedia of Religion, 1987. Ref BL31 E46.

Bibliotheca Orientalis Z3001 B5
Vetus Testamentum BS410 V4 (note Supplement Series as well)
Catholic Biblical Quarterly BS410 C38
Journal of Biblical Literature BS410 J8 (note index for vol 61-100 which appeared in 1987)

The Catalogue of the Union Theological Seminary Library. Z881 N605 A4.
The Oriental Collection Catalogue of the New York Public Library, Reference Department. Z888* N6 O7 (1960)
Library Catalogue of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Ref Z3009* L62.  Note multiple supplements.

AKKADIAN & MESOPOTAMIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
(Sumerian begins PJ4000; Akkadian at PJ3100)
Borger, Riekele, Handbuch der Keilschriftliteratur, Vol 1, 1967; Vol 2, 1975; Vol 3. Z7055 B6
Archiv fur Orientforschung PJ5 A7.
Orientalia PJ6 O7

Chicago Assyrian Dictionary. PJ3525 C5
von Soden, Wolfram, Akkadische Handworterbuch. PJ3540 S6
von Soden, Wolfram, Grundriss der Akkadischen Grammatik, Analecta Orientalia; Rome: Pontifical Bible Institute, 1969.

Journal of Cuneiform Studies. PJ3102 S6
Revue d'assyriologie et d'archeologie orientale. PJ3103 R4
Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie. PJ3104 Z52
Iraq (Fine Arts Library) DS68 I7

Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia project (Old Assyrian PJ3815 G74; Old Babylonian PJ3815 F73 etc.)
State Archives of Assyria, ed. Simo Parpola
Altbabylonische Briefe, ed. F.R. Kraus. PJ3883 L495
Archives Royales de Mari, M.A.R.I.



HEBREW BIBLE
Commentaries (* = superlative)
Genesis* - Westermann (Augsburg), 3 volumes.
Exodus - Sarna, JPS Commentary, 1989
Leviticus - Levine (JPS Commentary, 1990), Milgrom (Anchor Bible)
Numbers* - Milgrom (JPS Commentary, 1990), Levine (Anchor Bible)
Deuteronomy - Greenfield, Anchor Bible (incomplete); S.R. Driver, International Critical Commentary,* 1901.
Joshua - Boling & Wright, Anchor Bible, 1982.
Judges - George Foot Moore, International Critical Commentary,* 1895; Boling, Anchor Bible, 1975.
Ruth - Campbell, Anchor Bible,* 1975
1-2 Samuel - McCarter, Anchor Bible,* 1980, 1984
1-2 Kings - Tadmor and Cogan, Anchor Bible, 1988
1-2 Chronicles - Japhet
Ezra, Nehemiah
Esther - Paton, International Critical Commentary,* 1908
Job - Pope, Anchor Bible, 1965
Psalms - M. Dahood (Anchor Bible)
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
Song of Songs - Pope, Anchor Bible,* 1977
Isaiah - Watts, Word Biblical Commentary, 1985 & 1987; chs. 1-39 Wildberger, Biblischer Kommentar Altes Testament,* 1965-1982.
Jeremiah - Holladay, Hermeneia, 2 vols.
Lamentations
Ezekiel - Zimmerli, Hermeneia, 1979; Greenberg (Anchor Bible, half completed)
Daniel - Charles, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel* (Oxford: 1929); Hartmann & Di Lella, Anchor Bible, 1978.
Hosea - Andersen & Freedman, Anchor Bible, 1980
Joel - Wolff, Hermeneia, 1977
Amos - Andersen & Freedman (Anchor Bible)
Obadiah - Wehrle, Josef. Prophetie und Textanalyse - Die Komposition Obadja 1-21 interpretiert auf der Basis textlinguistischer und semiotischer Konzeptionen. Arbeiten zu Text und Sprache im Alten Testament 28; St. Ottilien: Eos, 1987.
Jonah - Sasson, Anchor Bible,* 1990
Micah - Hillers, Hermeneia, 1984.
Nahum
Habakkuk - Haak, Habakkuk, Vetus Testamentum Supplement 44; Leiden: Brill, 1991; for Habakkuk 3 see, Hiebert, God of My Victory, 1986.
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi

OLD TESTAMENT THEOLOGY
Hayes, John and Prussner, Frederick, Old Testament Theology - Its History and Development, Atlanta: Jhon Knox, 1985.
Martens, Elmer, et al. The Flowering of Old Testament Theology: A Reader in Twentieth Century Old Testament Theology, 1990.
Reventlow, Henning Graf, Problems of Biblical Theology in the Twentieth Century, Fortress, 1986.

HEBREW LANGUAGE
Leshonenu. PJ4503 L4
Zeitschrift fur Althebraistik. PJ4501 Z44

Concordances. English Bible BS425 and following.  Hebrew concordances: Mandelkern, Lisowsky, Even-Shoshan.

Brown, Francis; Driver, S.R.; Briggs, C.A. Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, Oxford: 1907 (corrected 1953)
Koehler, Ludwig, and Baumgartnr, Walter, Hebraisches und aramaisches Lexikon zum Alten Testament, Leiden: Brill, 1967-1991. 3rd edition. PJ4835 G5 K5
Botterweck, G. Johannes, and Ringgren, Helmer, Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. 1974-present (6 volumes have appeared so far in English; a translation of Theologisches Worterbuch zum Alten Testament 1970-present)

Cowley, A. E. Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar as Edited and Enlarged by E. Kautzsch. 28th edition. Oxford: Clarendon, 1970.
Jouon, Paul and Moraoka, T. A Grammar of Biblical Hebrew, Rome: 1991. 2 Vols. Translation and revision of Jouon 1923.
Waltke and O'Connor, An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1990,

Suder, Robert W. Hebrew Inscriptions - A Classified Bibliography. London & Toronto: Associated Universities, 1984.
Avigad, Nahman. Bullae from the Time of Jeremiah. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1986.

Andersen, Francis I. & Forbes, A. Dean. Spelling in the Hebrew Bible. Biblica et Orientalia 41; Rome: Biblical Institute, 1986.
Barr, James. The Variable Spellings of the Hebrew Bible: The Schweich Lectures of the British Academy 1986. Oxford: Oxford University, 1989.

Morag, S. "A Study of Certain Features of Old Hebrew Dialects," Eretz Israel 5 (1958) 138-144. (Hebrew)
Zeev ben-Hayyim, The Literary and Oral Tradition of Hebrew and Aramaic Amongst the Samaritans, 1977. 5 volumes.
Naveh, Joseph & Greenfield, J.C. "Hebrew and Aramaic in the Persian Period," 115-129 in Cambridge History of Judaism. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1984.
Rooker, Mark F. Biblical Hebrew in Transition - The Language of the Book of Ezekiel. JSOTSS 90; Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1990.

SEPTUAGINT
Jellicoe, Sidney, The Septuagint and Modern Study, Oxford: 1968. (Esienbrauns reprint 1978)
Peter Walters (formerly Katz), Text of the Septuagint, 1973. (see review in BiOr 1975)
Olofsson, Staffan, The Septuagint Version.  A Guide to he Translation Technique of the Septuagint, Stockholm: 1990.
Tov, Emanuel, The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint, 1981.
Tov, Emanuel, Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible. Fortress, 1992.
Computer Assisted Tools for Septuagint Studies - Robert Kraft (University of Pennsylvania), Emanuel Tov (Hebrew University)

Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in G"ttingen (AS 182 G59): 81(1974) Wevers LXX Genesis; 106(1978) Wevers LXX Deuteronomy; 109(1979) Hanhart LXX Judith; 125(1982) Wevers LXX Numbers; 139(1984) Hanhart Tobit LXX; 147(1985) Ziegler Job LXX; 153(1985) Wevers LXX Leviticus
McGregor, Leslie, The Greek Text of Ezekiel, 1985.
Greenspoon, L. J. Joshua Text Studies, HSM 1983.
Bodine, Walter, Judges, HSM.
Wevers, Notes on the Greek Text of Exodus, Atlanta: Scholars, 1990.

ISRAELITE HISTORY
Computer Networks: IOUDAIOS (Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity); newly formed Persian period discussion group
Hayes, John and Miller, J. Maxwell, Israelite and Judean History, 1977.
Cambridge History of Judaism
Stern, Ephraim, Material Culture of the Land of the Bible in the Persian Period, 1982.

ARCHAEOLOGY
Tel Aviv
Atiqot
Paleorient (prehistoric archaeology of ANE - excellent state of art)
Mazar, Amihai, Archaeology of the Land of the Bible, Anchor Bible Reference Library; Doubleday, 1990. (Neolithic through Iron)
Israel Exploration Journal. DS111 A1 I8
Palestine Exploration Quarterly. DS101 P34
Bulletin of the Schools of American Oriental Research. CC21 A51
Biblical Archaeologist. BS620 A1 B5
Biblical Archaeology Review. BS620 A1 B54
Syria (Fine Arts Library)
Iraq (Fine Arts Library) DS68 I7

Semitic Languages (General) - Begins PJ3000
Journal of the American Oriental Society
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies.
Semitica PJ3001 S4
Journal of Semitic Studies PJ3001 J6
Moscati, Sabatino, An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, 1969. PJ3021 M6
Brockelmann, Carl, Grundriss der vergleichende Grammatik der semitischen Sprachen, 1908-13. 2 Vols. PJ3021 B86

Ethiopic
Leslau, Wolf, An Annotated Bibliography of the Semitic Languages of Ethiopia, 1965. Z7049 S5 L4

Dillmann, August, Ethiopic Grammar (2nd edition). PJ9021 D52 1974
Lambdin, Thomas O. Introduction to Classical Ethiopic (Ge`ez), 1978. PJ9023 L3

Dillmann, August, Lexicon Linguae Aethiopicae, cum Indice Latino. PJ9087 D5
Gr‚baut, Sylvain, Suppl‚ment au Lexicon linguae Aethiopicae de August Dillmann (1865) et Edition de Juste d'Urbin (1850-1855). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1952.
Leslau, Wolf, Concise Dictionary of Ge`ez (Classical Ethiopic), 1989. PJ9087 L46

Hill Monastic Manuscript Library, St. John's Abbey and University, Collegeville, Minnesota

NORTHWEST SEMITIC  (PJ4100 and following)
Gibson, John C. L. Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions.  3 Volumes (Vol 1 Hebrew and Moabite 1971, Vol 2 Aramaic 1975, Vol 3 Phoenician 1982). PJ3081 G5
Donner, Herbert, and R"llig, W. Kanaan"ische und aram"ische Inschriften, 1966. PJ3081 D62
Garr, Randall, Dialect Geography of Syria-Palestine, 1000-586 B.C.E., 1985. PJ3079 G37
Syria (Fine Arts Library)

Bernal, Bernal. Cadmean Letters: The Transmission of the Alphabet to the Aegean and Fruther West before 1400 B.C. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990. (P211 B53)
Driver, Godfrey Rolles, Semitic Writing from Pictograph to Alphabet, 1954. revised? PJ3019 D7
Good, Robert M. "Lamed," BASOR 262 (1986) 89-90.
Kaufman, Steven. "The Pitfalls of Typology: On the Early History of the Alphabet," HUCA 57 (1986) 1-14.
Naveh, Joseph. Early History of the Alphabet: An Introduction to West Semitic Epigraphy and Palaeography. Jerusalem and Leiden: Magnes and Brill, 1982. (P211 N28)
PuŠch, Emile. "Origine de l'alphabet," RB 93 (1986) 161-213.
Senner, Wayne M. The Origins of Writing. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska, 1989. (P211 O75) Articles on cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Semitic (Cross), Arabic (Bellamy), Greek, Latin, Runes, Ogham (Celts), Chinese, Mayan.
Shea, William H. "Protosinaitic Inscription No.357," UF 20 (1988) 301-308.
Sass, B. "The Genesis of the Hebrew Alphabet and its Development in the Second Millennium B.C." Ph.D. diss. Tel Aviv, 1985 (Hebrew).
Herr, Larry, The Scripts of the Ancient Northwest Semitic Seals, 1978. PJ3081 H4

Old South Arabic
Biella, Joan C. Dictionary of Old South Arabic, Sabean Dialect, 1982. PJ6958 B53
Ricks, Stephen D. Lexicon of Inscriptional Qatabanian, Studia Pohl 14; Rome: Pontifical Bible Institute, 1989.
Beeston, A. F. L. Sabaic Grammar, 1984.
Repertoire d'‚pigraphie s‚mitique. PJ3081 R4

Moabite
Dearman, Andrew, Studies in the Mesha Inscription and Moab, 1989. PJ4149 S7 1989.

Ammonite
Auffrecht, Walter E. A Corpus of Ammonite Inscriptions, 1989. PJ4143 Z77 A9

Deir `Alla
Hackett, Jo Ann, The Balaam Text from Deir `Alla, 1984. PJ5208 J63 H32
Hoftijzer, J. and van der Kooij, G., eds. The Balaam Text from Deir `Alla Re-evaluated. Proceedings of the International Sumposium held at Leiden 21-24 Augaust 1989, 1991. PJ5209 B35 B35

Amorite
Gelb, Ignace, Computer-Aided Analyis of Amorite. PJ4145 G4.

Phoenician
Friedrich, Johannes, Ph"nizisch-Punische Grammatik, Rome: Pontificium Insitutum Biblicum, 1951. PJ4175 F7 (Caution: this has been revised!)

Syriac
Payne Smith, Robert, A Compendious Syriac Dictionary, Founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus, 1957. PJ5491 P3
Brockelmann, Carl, Lexicon Syriacum, 1895. PJ5493 B86

Noldecke, Theodor. Compendious Syriac Grammar. London: Williams and Norgate, 1904. (Translated from the 2nd German edition)
Brill Syriac Old Testament
Kiraz, George Anton, Concordance to the Syriac New Testament, Brill: 1992. 6 Vols. (Peshitta based on UBS reprint of 1920)

Mandaic
Drower, E. S. A Mandaic Dictionary, 1963. PJ5326 D7 (JDC)
Macuch, Rudolf, Handbook of Classical and Modern Mandaic, 1965. PJ5322 M3

ARAMAIC
Fitzmyer, J. A. and Harrington, D. J. An Aramaic Bibliography, 1992-. Z7053 F57. 
Beyer, Klaus, Die aram"ischen Texte vom Toten meer: samt dem Inschriften aus Pal"stina, dem Testament Levis aus der Kairoe Genisa, der Fastenrolle und den alten talmudischen Zitaten, 1984. PJ5201 B48
Journal of Near Eastern Studies 1978.  One issue devoted to Aramaic studies 1940-1975.

Vinnikov, I. "A Dictionary of Aramaic Inscriptions," Palestinskii Sbornik (Moscow/Leningrad) 3(66, 1958) 171-216; 4(67, 1959) 196-240; 7(70, 1962) 192-237; 9(72, 1962) 141-158; 11(74, 1964) 189-232; 13(76, 1965) 217-262.  A concordance.
Clarke, E. G. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan of the Pentateuch: Text and Concordance. KTAV: 1984. (KWIC)
Brederek, Emil, Konkordanz zum Targum Onkelos, BZAW 9; Giessen: 1906.
Grossfeld, Bernard, Concordance to the First Targum to the Book of Esther SBL Aramaic Studies 5; Chico: 1984.

Porten, Bezalel, and Yardeni, Ada, Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt. Vol 1 Letters (1986); Vol 2 Contracts; Vol 3 Lists, literary and historical texts; Vol 4 Ostraca. PJ5208 A2
Naveh, Joseph, Amulets and Magic Bowls: Aramaic Incantations of Late Antiquity, 1985. PJ5208 A5 N3
Isbell, Charles, Corpus of the Aramaic Incantation Bowls, 1975. PJ5208 A5 I8
Segal, Judah, Aramaic Texts from North Saqqara, 1983. PJ5208 S34 S4
Negev, Avraham, Personal Names in the Nabatean Realm, 1991. PJ5239 N435
Fitzmyer, Joseph, and Harrington, Daniel, A Manual of Palestinian Aramaic Texts (Second Century B.C.-Second Century A.D.), 1978. PJ5208 A21
Agoulla, Basile, Inventaire des inscriptions hatr‚ens, 1991. PJ5208 A5 A33

Degen, Rainer, Altaram"ische Grammatik der Inschriften des 10-8. Jh. v. Chr., 1969. PJ5203 D4
Segert, Stanislav, Altaram"ische Grammatik mit Bibliographie, Chrestomathie, und Glossar, 1975. PJ5213 S45
Leander, Pontus, Laut- und Formenlehre des Žgyptisch-Aram"ischen, G"teborg: 1928.
Rosenthal, Franz, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic, 1963. 2nd edition revised. PJ5213 R65
Bauer, Hans and Leander, Pontus. Grammatik des Biblisch-Aram"ischen, Halle-Salle, 1927. PJ5213 B28 1969
Muraoka, T., ed. Studies in Qumran Aramaic. Abr-Nahrain Supplement 3, 1992.
Stevenson, William Barron, Grammar of Palestinian Jewish Aramaic, 1956. PJ5252 S7
Vilsker, L.H. Manuel d'Aram‚en Samaritain. Trans. from Russian by Jean Margain; Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1981.
Schulthess, Friedrich, Grammatik des christlich-palastinischen Aram"isch, 1924. PJ5242 S3
Fassberg, Steven, A Grammar of the Palestinian Targum Fragments from the Cairo Geniza, 1990. PJ5252 F37.
Golomb, David, A Grammar of Targum Neophyti, 1985. PJ5252 G64
Levy, Barry. The Language of Neophyti 1: A Descriptive and comparative Grammar of the Palestinian Targum, 1982. PJ5252 L4 1974A

Naveh, Joseph, The Development of the Aramaic Script, 1970. PJ5207 N321
Klugkist, A. C. "Midden-Aramese Schriften in Syri‰, Mesopotami‰, Perzi‰ en angrenzende gebieden," 1982 Ph.D. dissertation Rijksuniversiteit te Gronigen.

The Aramaic Bible (Michael Glazier, Inc.). English translation with philological notes varying in value from volume to volume.
Sperber, The Bible in Aramaic. BS708 S6 (now in paperback [1992])
Klein, Michael, Genizah Manuscripts of Palestinian Targum to the Pentateuch. Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986.

Sokoloff, Michael, A Dictionary of Jewish Palestinian Aramaic of the Byzantine Period, 1990. PJ5205 S6
Jastrow, Marcus, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature. PJ5205 J3

UGARITIC (begins PJ3085)
Dietrich, M.; Loretz, O.; and Sanmart¡n, J. Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit. Neukirchen: 1976.
Whitaker, Richard, Ugaritic Concordance. PJ4150 Z5 W5
Ugarit Forschungen
Huehnergard, John. Ugaritic Vocabulary in Syllabic Transcription. Atlanta: Scholars, 1987.

MODERN SOUTH ARABIC
Leslau, Wolf, Lexique Soqotri (Sudarabique moderne) avec comparaisons et explication etymologiques, 1938. PJ7133 L4

QUMRAN AND SECOND TEMPLE LITERATURE
Compendium Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum, Section Two - The Literature of the Jewish People in the Period of the Second Temple and the Talmud. Philadelphia & Assen/Maastricht: Fortress & Van Gorcum.
Mulder, Martin Jan, ed. Mikra - Text, Translation, Reading and Interpretation of the hebrew Bible in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity. 1988.
Safrai, Shmuel, ed. The Literature of the Sages, Part 1. 1987.
Stone, Michael, ed. Jewish Writings of the Second Temple Period. 1984.
Charlesworth, ed. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 1983 & 1985, 2 vols.
Goldstein, Maccabees, Anchor Bible, 1976
Winston, Wisdom of Solomon, Anchor Bible, 1979.
Myers, I and II Esdras, Anchor Bible, 1974.
Moore, Daniel, Esther, and Jeremiah: The Additions, Anchor Bible, 1977.
Skehan and Di Lella, Wisdom of Ben Sira, Anchor Bible, 1987

Discoveries in the Judaean Desert. Oxford.
Revue de Qumran BM487 A62 R4
van der Woude, Adam S., "Funfzehn Jahre Qumranforschung (1974-1988," Theologische Rundschau 1989f.
Kuhn, Karl Georg, Konkordanz zu den Qumrantexten. G"ttingen: 1960.

Kutscher, E. Y. Language and Linguistic Background of the Isaiah Scroll 1QIs(a). Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah 6. Leiden: Brill, 1974. (Hebrew edition 1959)
Morag, S. "Qumran Hebrew," VT 1988.
Qimron, Elisha. "qtltwny and related Forms in Hebrew," JQR 78 (1987) 49-55.
Qimron, Elisha. The Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Atlanta: Scholars, 1986.
Morag, Shelomo. "Qumran Hebrew: Some Typological Observations," VT 38 (1988) 148-64. (OTA 1989 108) Although some continuities with LBH, General Qumran Hebrew (GQH) possesses a number of prominent grammatical features not related to LBH and which probably are a continuation of an old dialectal variation, not a linear development.  GQH shares some features with MH.

Yeivin, Israel. Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah. Transl. E.J. Revell. Masoretic Studies 5. Scholars: 1980.
Yeivin, Israel. The Hebrew Language Tradition as Reflected in the Babylonian Vocalization. 2 Vol. Jerusalem: Academy of the Hebrew Language, 1985. (Hebrew)
Murtonen, A. Hebrew in its West Semitic Setting: A Comparative Survey of Non-Masoretic Hebrew Dialects and Traditions. Part One. A Comparative Lexicon. Section Ba. Root System: Hebrew Material. Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics 13/2. Leiden: Brill, 1988.
Qimron, Elisha. "The Origin of the Nuf`al Conjugation." Leshonenu 52 (1987-88) 178-79.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL RESOURCES: