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Eyewitness Accounts

Below are samplings from personal reminiscences about OSU’s student demonstrations. These were compiled beginning in May 2010, through e-mail messages, an online survey and oral history interviews about the subject. For a complete list of eyewitness accounts click here.

In addition to these recollections, please read contemporary accounts of the demonstrations by Prof. Salvator Marco and Prof. Charles Wheeler.  Still other reminiscences can be found in various oral history interviews that The Ohio State University Archives has conducted over the years with various administrators, faculty and staff members. While these histories focus mainly on a particular individual’s career at OSU, they all include perspectives on the demonstrations in 1970.

If you would like to contribute your experience during the student demonstrations please fill out this survey: 1970 Student Demonstrations Survey

All photos are copyright of OSU Archives, unless otherwise indicated.


  Anonymous Student quote Seeing National Guard vehicles riding around the Oval was scary as they were carrying guns. After Kent State, no one was sure if guns were loaded, and if so, with what. [read more] quote  

 

James Baumann
B.S., Psychology,
Spring 1970

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On the worst day in May as the acrid smell of tear gas permeated the air, I tried to go to my psychology lecture (my days to graduation were ticking), and I was forced out of the classroom building by the National Guard. … The nervous guardsmen were ordered to gather the students on the Oval. There were rumors that snipers were on top of campus buildings! No one knew anything. We were held on the Oval for what seemed like hours. … Finally, one old history professor got a microphone and tried to talk to the scared, nervous crowd on the Oval. He did not yell or scream that day. He just talked and talked and he wasn’t afraid. I think the crowd could sense that. He was the only speaker not greeted with boos. [read more]

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  David Baumer quote The atmophere at OSU was highly charged with various political groups representing blacks, women, and anti-war protesters. By and large no one approved of bombing Cambodia. The police were very undisciplined as were some of the national guard. Some of the National Guard, however, made honest attempts to curb the violence. In at least one instance that I observed, National Guard officers who tried to calm things down were chastised by their superiors. On the other hand, Woody Hayes stood in the middle of the students, at great personal risk, and did get protesters to stop throwing rocks and greatly reduced the violence. I will never forget the courage of Woody Hayes. [read more] quote  

 

Leon Bradley
B.S., Education,
Spring 1970

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… It was very disconcerting to graduating seniors in particular, because once the campus closed down, it was heavily rumored that it would not re-open and it would be a lost quarter. … Eventually, campus re-opened and we were able to continue with our classes and graduation. However, another important aspect for me was taken away: I had a goal to raise my GPA to a certain level for future schooling considerations, but all classes were graded as pass-fail, only that quarter. All GPAs remained the same, unless a class was failed. That hurt me personally more than anything. ….
       The presence of the National Guardsmen was obvious, but to a lot of us they did not pose a threat. … But I had parked over by Lane and Neil [one day], and one evening on my way to the car, I had to break into a dead run to avoid being trampled by a large group of students charging down a side street from the Oval. They were being forced back by tear gas, which I got a good dose of just running past the street. I did NOT want to be a part of any of the protest groups, but I inadvertently became a part just trying to escape. [read more]

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  Bunny Garson Braverman quote I was so young and naive, and it was difficult to process all of the information coming at us. It was also hard to distinguish truthful accounts of events from fiction. It was such a confusing time because there were multiple issues being discussed. My dorm became polarized, unsettled, and very uncomfortable at times. [read more] quote  

 

Michael L. Denniston
Ph.D., Chemistry,
S
ummer 1970

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In May, 1970 I was a graduate student at Ohio State, just finishing my Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry. ... [M]y activities were localized in and around my Evans lab, the chemistry library and my room in Jones Graduate Tower. … The folks on my floor of Jones Tower were very close to one another and remain so to the present. It was not clear what was going to happen to us as a result of this disruption [campus shutdown] in our academic career. So, we did what any group of students would do under the circumstances: We partied. [W]e started by heading to a local theater and seeing a movie made for such times, Mash. After the movie we found our way to someone’s home where we drank some beer and watched the … NBA playoff game. I doubt any of us had a problem sleeping after that very therapeutic evening, though we had to leave OSU by noon the next day. [read more]

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Sharon English
MSW
1970

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I do remember the day hundreds of students rushed the administration building with arms raised but their "weapons" were handfuls of marshmallows. The guards did not react. There was no lack of protesters on all causes at the time, they were everywhere. [read more]

 
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peace armband
1970, Stanley J. Debiec Jr. with peace armband   Stanley J. Debiec Jr. (left) wears his peace armband to the 1970 OSU Commencement. Sharon English donated this photo along with her peace armband (above) to the OSU Archives. (click images to view larger)

 

Rick Greene
B.S., Natural Resources, Summer 1973

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As things heated up on campus, police cars with their windows taped were zooming around, and National Guard sandbag emplacements were popping up at strategic locations.  At one point, I recall helicopters dropping tear gas and pepper gas canisters as we ragged (style of the day) bunch of protesters darted from building to building, gagging from the fumes.  … It was in this atmosphere that [my roommate Bob], totally oblivious to the politics and the student insurrection around him, went to south campus on Neil Avenue to a florist to get flowers for his gal. And after completing his purchase of a fine bouquet, and I am sure with that immensely satisfied, innocent farm-boy grin, he ventured out to return to the dorm. Except he encountered a swarm of activists who were struggling to close the gates across Neil Avenue. And the police, trying to prevent the closure of campus, came storming in, firing wooden knee-knockers and more tear gas. And poor [Bob] got caught up in the swarm and was knocked and gassed along with the rest of the rabble.  [Bob] eventually got back to dorm, but worse for wear, stinking of gas, and with his flowers bedraggled. [read more]

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  Joann Frilling Liming quote The National Guardsmen doing their jobs, and seeing students walk up to them and spit in their faces, or yell at them. I, personally, was happy to see them there, as there were many volatile situations, fueled by not only students, but nonstudents, just wanting to cause trouble. Also, I lived off-campus, and saw guys across the street yell "Pig" at any cops driving by, but then, like cowards they would run into their apartments and hide whenever a police helicoptor flew overhead.[read more] quote  

  Rex W. Long quote During the first afternoon of actual confrontations, I was at my friend's fraternity house when a member of what we referred to as the "D-Platoon" shot a tear gas canister into the bedroom of one of the fraternity students. When he yelled that his room was on fire, I ran to the front door, opened it and yelled: "Fire....fire in here!!" Of course, I meant that there was a fire in here, but one of the agents decided to fire a tear gas canister right through that front door. It went over my head as I was down on all fours when I made that announcement. I shut the door, and we fled out the back way. Later, we observed the spent canister in the house, so I know it wasn't my imagination. The entire campus tasted more tear gas that day then any of us cared to remember. But we all remembered.
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  James McKay
B.A., June 1972
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I was in Army ROTC at the time.  At the end of the year we had this big event where all the cadets were in rank on the military field and we were to be addressed by some visiting general.  While we were in ranks, a couple of hundred protesters walked onto the field chanting anti-war slogans and walked in and out of the rows of cadets in formation.  I just thought to myself how we (both protesters and cadets) were all students at the same college but just had different views of the world..[read more]

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Jeffrey G. Miller
B.S. Education,
June 1974

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During the first iteration of protests (before Kent State), a hippy-freak-protestor entered my 8 a.m. English class after it had started.  He came in and sat down towards the back of the class.  As the instructor was speaking, he lit up a joint.  A few minutes after that he moved to the front of the class and tried to incite the class to join the protest.  At that time, one of [OSU Football Coach] Woody [Hayes]’s very big football players walked up to the individual and told him to leave and leave now.  He left without saying another word. …
 
One of the victims of the Kent State killings was named Jeffrey Glenn Miller.  That is my name right down to the two “n’s” in Glenn.  As the news of Kent State spread, my mother received several calls from friends and family across the country expressing condolences and/or looking for information.  They knew that I was attending college in Ohio, but were unsure as to which institution. [read more]

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Anti ROTC Flier
Army ROTC Cadet Jeffrey G. Miller removed this flier from a telephone pole north of the Oval and in the vicinity of Denney Hall. Miller says: “I found these fliers intriguing and contrary to my personal experience with the U.S. Army and the Army officers who were my instructors.” (click image to view larger)

 

Sheldon Schafer
B.S., June 1970

quote I saw one of the victims of a shooting on the Oval by the National Guard (not fatal but I remember the student being wheeled away on a stretcher with blood all over her, and the clouds of tear gas all around). And I watched the clash between the police riot squad on High Street from the top of the parking deck next to Arps Hall It was an out-of-control police riot. Once the police met the crowd on High Street, they then dispersed into the neighborhood. I don’t recall what happened when they met the crowd, but I think it was a stand-off. I couldn’t see what was happening in the neighborhood east of High Street from my vantage point, but from the newspaper accounts the next day, their actions further enflamed the riot by drawing the fraternity-row residents into the fray. Up to then, they had been largely complacent observers.[read more] quote  

 

David P. Smits
O.D., Spring 1974

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I was a 21-year-old prospective optometry student driving with my parents to interview for a spot in the College of Optometry for the fall semester.  On the way, my parents and I were anxiously listening to the car radio about the unrest at university campuses in Ohio and the governor's decision to close some campuses in the state.  I had already been accepted in the College of Optometry, but needed to complete the interview to secure my acceptance.  … As we finally approached Ohio State's campus we saw hundreds of National Guardsman and military vehicles of all kinds surrounding the entire university.  Not knowing what to expect, we simply approached one of the entrances to campus and talked to an officer who listened to my story.  Somehow the officer got a hold of Dr. Herb Mote, who was a member of the admission staff at the Optometry college at that time.  Dr. Mote was supposed to conduct my interview that day, and he convinced the guards to let us pass through on to the campus.  It was an eerie scene on campus with no students, no traffic; nothing but a military presence.  … [T]he rest, as they say, is history.  I attended the university next fall and graduated with my OD degree in 1974 and have been a practicing optometrist for the last 36 years.  However, of all my many trips to my alma mater, I will never forget that spring trip of 1970.[read more]

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  Gerhard Spory
PhD, Zoology, Summer 1970
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I was a student finishing my dissertation for a PhD in Zoology during the spring of 1970. I lived off campus and by car made my daily trip to campus. … I found that there was more excitement witnessing events outside than being cooped up in a research lab. So, periodically I went out to check on things. However, an incident that I will never forget was when I may have been 20 feet from one of the  Jeeps on the Oval. A Guardsman was standing in the jeep, with his rifle in hand.  Someone behind me threw an orange at the Guardsman, hitting him in the chest. The “student” ran back into the crowd while I stood there as an observer, watching the Guardsman turn his rifle at me. That was a sobering experience as I questioned my sanity for being where I was. The following week four students were killed by Guardsmen at Kent State. [read more]

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  Barry M. Taylor
B.S., Biological Sciences, Summer 1970
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“Protests started in earnest in April of that spring and reached a peak when the weather turned nice (coincidental, isn’t it?). When the four students were killed at Kent State, all hell broke loose. There seemed to be daily protests which turned into violence by the second week of May…By the time students came back to school in late May, the quarter was a shambles in terms of academic objectives. All students were given a Pass or Fail in their classes. Everyone just wanted to go home… I, personally, can hardly stand to read or hear about the events of that period… I can feel it in the pit of my stomach whenever discussion or a TV documentary covers those events.” [read more]

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  Rebecca Zurava
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I have told my students (grades 7 through 12) over the years, that students ended the Vietnam War. We ended the war. [read more]

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Complete List of Eyewitness Accounts
  Anonymous students [one] [two] [three] [four] | James Baumann | David Baumer | Simon Birkhoff | Philip Boyko |
Leon Bradley
| Bunny Garson Braverman | Donald D. Brown | Michael L. Denniston | Sharon English | John Sidney Evans Jr. |
Rick Greene
| Joann Frilling Liming | Rex W. Long | James McKay | Jeffery G. Miller |
Melvin Ree Jr. | Sheldon Schafer |
David P. Smits
| Gerhard Spory | Barry M. Taylor | Rebecca Zurava

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