Month: January 2012

Phrenology Head

L. N. Fowler Phrenology Head (replica)

Porcelain

Artifact Collection, Medical Heritage Center

Phrenology studies the structure of the skull to determine a person’s character. Phrenology’s first heyday was in the 1820s – 1840s. Visiting a phrenologist at that time is akin to seeking the advice of a psychic, clairvoyant or astrologer today as a phrenologist was someone who claimed to have access to special knowledge about people.

A new movement was re-introduced to Britain in the 1860s and 1870s by the American brothers Lorenzo Niles Fowler (1811-1896) and Orson Squire Fowler (1809-1887) who were leading phrenologists of their time. Orson, together with associates Samuel Wells and Nelson Sizer, ran the phrenological business and publishing house Fowlers & Wells in New York City. Meanwhile, Lorenzo spent much of his life in England where he initiated the famous phrenological publishing house, L.N. Fowler & Co., and gained considerable fame with his phrenology head, which is now considered the most famous type of phrenology head.

Although phrenology has been discredited, it did advance the correct notion that different parts of the brain are responsible for different mental functions.

Homeopathy

Homeopathy was first developed by Samuel Hahnemann, a physician, chemist, and linguist in Germany, in 1796.

Homeopathy involves giving extremely small doses of substances that produce characteristic symptoms of illness in healthy people when given in larger doses. This approach is called “like cures like.” Homeopathy aims to stimulate the body’s own healing responses.

Most homeopathic remedies are derived from natural substances that come from plants, minerals, or animals. A remedy is prepared by diluting the substance in a series of steps. Homeopathy asserts that this process can maintain a substance’s healing properties regardless of how many times it has been diluted. Many homeopathic remedies are so highly diluted that not one molecule of the original natural substance remains. Remedies are sold in liquid, pellet, and tablet forms.

Homeopathic remedies are now required to meet certain legal standards for strength, quality, purity, and packaging. In 1988, the FDA required that all homeopathic remedies list the indications for their use on the label. The FDA also requires the label to list ingredients, dilutions, and instructions for safe use.

In the United States, training in homeopathy is offered through diploma programs, certificate programs, short courses, and correspondence courses. Most homeopathy in the United States is practiced along with another health care practice for which the practitioner is licensed, such as conventional medicine, naturopathy, chiropractic, dentistry, acupuncture, or veterinary medicine (homeopathy is used to treat animals).

Worldwide, homeopathy is the most widely practiced alternative form of medicine, second only to allopathic medicine.

Seeking Scholar in Residence Applicants

The Medical Heritage Center at the Health Sciences Library, The Ohio State University is seeking applicants for its scholar-in-residence program for a flexible time period between July 1, 2012 and June 30, 2013.

Founded in 1997 as a partnership effort between the Columbus Medical Association Foundation and The Ohio State University, the Medical Heritage Center collects, preserves, and promotes the rich health sciences history of central Ohio. Part of the institution’s mission is to “provide an environment for the academic and clinical communities to study and research meaningful historical records for the education and understanding of the entire health community.” The scholar-in-residence program is a key part of this mission.

The Medical Heritage Center maintains a rare book, archival, and artifact collection that speaks to the development of central Ohio’s health sciences history.  The collection is particularly rich in documenting innovation in the areas of medical education, dentistry, nursing, nuclear medicine, homeopathy, and surgery. The Nathaniel Coleman Rare Book collection contains over 12,000 volumes representing limited edition and one-of-a-kind references and prints dating back to 1555. The scholar will also have access to the rich holdings of The Ohio State University and regional libraries. The Medical Heritage Center’s archives currently include papers and memorabilia from regional and nationally recognized institutions, organizations, and luminaries such as William G. Myers, PhD, MD; Arthur G. James, MD; Charles Doan, MD; and Robert Zollinger, MD. The artifacts collection represents medical equipment used as early as the 1800’s, and range from those now perceived as quackery to those that were truly innovations at their time.

Suitable potential scholars can come from a variety of backgrounds (i.e. students, clinician historians, PhD historians) and each application will be reviewed based upon the quality of the application and proposed use of historical collections. Preference will be given to scholars whose research is directed toward local or regional medical historic issues. Use of the in-house archival and rare book collections is suggested but not limited to the collections of the Medical Heritage Center. The intent to publish in nationally-known presses and peer-reviewed journals is highly essential. Scholars will be expected to provide a mid-point and final report discussing the progress and result of the residency project. At least one presentation and publication is expected from a successful scholar residency.

The scholar-in-residence program provides a stipend up to $5,000 to support the activities of the scholar. This funding is provided by the Columbus Medical Association Foundation endowment for the Medical Heritage Center and can cover but is not limited to equipment, travel, support staff, publication costs. Scholars also receive office space, basic office equipment, and extensive access to the collections of the Medical Heritage Center.

An application package should be submitted for consideration by March 30, 2012, and a successful applicant will be decided upon by the Medical Heritage Center advisory committee by April 30, 2012. For more program details, including an application package, please contact Medical Heritage Center Head Curator Judith Wiener at 614-292-9273 or wiener.3@osu.edu.

Atlas of Surgical Operations

Started by Elliott Carr Cutler and central Ohio surgeon Robert M. Zollinger, the Atlas of Surgical Operations is a standard textbook used around the world to demonstrate anatomy and surgical techniques.

The Medical Heritage Center (MHC) has a 5th edition of the Atlas of Surgical Operations that contains Dr. Zollinger Sr.’s handwritten notes for how he was going to revise the material for the 6th edition. The book plates are the originals.

Currently, in its 9th edition, the MHC has twenty-seven atlases in various editions in seven languages.

Ohio Medical University Scrapbook

Senior Recitation Room

Samuel B. Mayo
Ohio Medical University Scrapbook
Circa 1904

Ohio Medical University (1892-1907) is one of five preceding medical colleges that in 1914 became the OSU College of Medicine. This scrapbook depicts the various classrooms, exam rooms, and study spaces in the Ohio Medical University building circa 1904 as well as some student photographs. This is significant as the pictures show us a glimpse of what a medical student’s life was like in this time period. These images also depict what the interior of the Ohio Medical University looked like while it was in operation.