ScriptoriaSlavica

Medieval Slavic Manuscripts and Culture

Teaching with Special Collections: From Vault to Classroom, Part 3

View of the area designated for exhibit cases off of the atrium in Thompson Library. Track lighting is visible on the ceiling,; at the center is the poster for banner (4 ft. x 8 ft.) advertising the Teaching with Special Collections exhibition and a tall exhibit case with four mannequins; three other exhibit cases are spaced out around the tall case

Teaching with Special Collections in the Display Area

In the Special Collections Display area next to the atrium in Thompson Library on The Ohio State University’s Columbus campus, the largest exhibit case (large enough to house four or five mannequins!)  is often occupied by items from the Historic Costume and Textiles Collection, “a scholarly and artistic museum resource of apparel and textile material culture housed within the Fashion and Retail Studies Program in the College of Education and Human Ecology.”  Curator Gayle Strege selected five ensembles for the Teaching with Special Collections: From Vault to Classroom exhibition, illustrating various ways in which clothing has been integrated into courses.

Jade head of horse button, jade circular button and teardrop-shaped piece of jade affixed to gold piece with loop for a chain - all on a white background for dispplay

Teaching with Special Collections – Artifacts

Of particular interest to students and scholars of the history of the Silk Road, Central Asia, the former Soviet Union, and the Russian Empire, may be the Persian silk jacket (1925) with jade buttons (1920-1970) and pendant  (2003), which in January-March 2024 was part of “The Silk Road” exhibit co-curated by Dr. Amanda Respess at Ohio State’s Marion campus.

multi-colored silk jacket on a hangar; the pattern of the silk is a hunting motif, a tribute to the importance of the horse in the cultures along the Silk Road

Teaching with Special Collections – Textiles

As the caption explains, “Horses and jade were particularly important trade items (in addition to silk itself) on the early Silk Road, connecting the regions of Central Asia and China. Horseback culture emerged on the Eurasian Steppe and China’s desire for the horses of Ferghana motivated their exploration of the Western Regions. The horseback cultures of Eurasia spread westward to Turkey, bringing with them the design motif of hunting pictured on the jacket.

Other outfits in the case include a dark blue caftan (1970-79) that belonged to Columbus native and jazz singer Nancy Wilson. This gown was used in the “2021 exhibition Fashion & Music, which was mounted in conjunction with the class, Folk, Funk, Festivals: Music and Fashion (CSFRST 2375)“; a classic Chanel suit (circal 1960s) with “slingback pumps” that has been used in courses on 20th-century fashion, textiles, and branding, and it is featured in Historic Costume’s online gallery, Fashion2Fiber

You must come and see for yourself the other fashion in the case, e.g., the red, white and blue polyester leisure suit that is used in courses on the  history of fashion. Gayle Strege‘s caption indicates that the suit dates to circa 1976, charitably describing it as “very similar to polyester leisure suits of the 1970s, this particular one seems to have been made to celebrate the country’s bicentennial in 1976 given its color scheme.

3 mannequins in an exhibit case visible - one wearing a dark blue caftan with rhinestones, a second in the background - a red-white-and-blue leisure suit, and to the right in the front, a dark skirt with a white shirtwaist

Teaching with Special Collections – Fashion History and Fibers

 

If you have the time between now and July 31, 2024, please drop by the exhibition! Exhibit gallery hours during the Spring semester are Monday-Friday 10am-6pm, Saturdays and Sundays 12pm to 6pm; Summer semester hours are Monday-Sunday 11am to 5pm. The exhibit cases next to the atrium – including Historic Costume & Textiles, Architecture and Theatre Research Institute & Independent Study – are accessible whenever Thompson Library is open.

 

 

 

 

 

Teaching with Special Collections: From Vault to Classroom, Part 2

For those of you in Thompson Library on a particular Friday afternoon in March 2024 to attend the Book Talk by Dr. Clare Griffin about her Mixing Medicines: The Global Drug Trade and Early Modern Russia (McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2022),

book cover with title, author, and a distillery at the top of the cover; a beehive is in the lower right and a plant/herb in lower left

Mixing Medicines

you might want to stop by the Teaching with Special Collections: From Vault to Classroom exhibition.  There are several exhibit cases in the Special Collections Display Area (THO 115) just off of Thompson Library’s atrium that include Slavic materials – Architecture, Theatre Research Institute and Independent Study, and the case dedicated to 25 Years of the Medieval Slavic Summer Institute – but the case with objects directly relevant to Dr. Griffin’s work are found in the Medical Heritage Center‘s exhibit case, which is located in the Gallery (THO 125).

Kristin Rodgers, Collections Curator at the Medical Heritage Center, taught a course on digital storytelling in 2014. Students were asked to choose an artifact from the collection and produce a digital story, relating the object to their own experiences in some way. Two of the objects displayed include a “Bleeding Bowl” and a “Scarificator.” Although Dr. Griffin does not mention those particular objects, she does reference the practice of “bloodletting” in her book.

bowl and metal object on plastic supports

Teaching with Special Collections – Digital Stories about Objects

To quote from Kristin Rodgers’ captions, “the scarificator was a spring-loaded instrument that has a series of twelve blades that snap out to cut the skin to allow for bloodletting…. it was in use from the early 1700s until the early 1900s….” The bleeding bowl  “used in conjunction with the scarificator … was used to collect patient’s blood.” Such dishes (cup or bowl) were “popular from the time of antiquity up to the late 19th century…. Many bleeding bowls also included the presence of notches inside in order to accurately measure the amount of blood in ounces that was drained from the body. “

You may watch the digital stories created by Kristin’s students about the bleeding bowl, the scarificator and other objects at go.osu.edu/digitalstories.

The Book Talk by Dr. Clare Griffin was recorded and will be available for viewing. Teaching with Special Collections: From Vault to Classroom will be open until July 31, 2024.

Teaching with Special Collections: From Vault to Classroom, Part 1

Monday, March 23, 2024, a new exhibition opened in the William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library, which is located on the Oval of The Ohio State University. A collaborative exhibit that spans both the Gallery (THO 125) and the Special Collections Display Area (THO 115) on the south side of the atrium, the exhibition focuses on the teaching that is done by Ohio State’s Special Collections.*

8-foot wide poster with the name of the exhibition "Teaching with Special Collections From Vault to Classroom" with 3 photographs of students looking at special collections materials. Included is a description of exhibit, how long it will be up, and the names of the special collections that contributed to the exhibit.

Teaching with Special Collections: From Vault to Classroom

Jeremy Stone, Exhibitions Coordinator, and Cameron Sharp, Head Exhibitions Preparator, worked with the items and texts provided by the special collections curators to assemble a visual feast with creative staging of books, photographs, ephemera, and a variety of objects.

Note the tiered display of stereo cards that “offer views of historic landscapes and architectural landmarks, such as the original Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow, destroyed by the Soviets in 1931” in the Architecture case (outside of THO 105) featuring materials routinely requested by Ashley Bigham for her Architecture 5290 “Slavic, East European and Eurasian Architecture” class from the Hilandar Research Library and the Herman J. Albrecht Library of Historical Architecture, which is on deposit in the Rare Books and Manuscripts Library.

Half of a glass exhibit case with two books lying flat, a stereo viewer, and six stereo cards stacked, two to a shelf, on a three-tiered plastic support.

Teaching with Special Collections in Architecture 5290

A stereo viewer donated by Angela Brintlinger to the Hilandar Research Library is positioned next to the cards.

The multi-tiered format is also used to great effect in the Theatre Research Institute & Independent Study case to display Colotype Postcards of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy’s drama The Living Corpse / Живой Трупъ as it was performed at the Moscow Art Theatre in 1911. These materials were part of an independent study that undergraduate Bailee Wolfe (Astronomy, Physics and Russian) conducted under the guidance of Lawrence and Lee Theatre Research Institute curator Beth Kattelman.

half of a glass exhibit case with a book, photograph, captions and description in front of two panels of standing behind the prone items each with 9 photographs

Teaching with Special Collections in Independent Study Courses

If you have the time between now and July 31, 2024, please drop by the exhibition! Exhibit gallery hours during the Spring semester are Monday-Friday 10am-6pm, Saturdays and Sundays 12pm to 6pm; Summer semester hours are Monday-Sunday 11am to 5pm. The exhibit cases next to the atrium – including Architecture and Theatre Research Institute & Independent Study – are accessible whenever Thompson Library is open.

*Hilandar Research Library, Lawrence and Lee Theatre Research Institute, Rare Books and Manuscripts LibraryBilly Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum, Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, Medical Heritage Center (Health Sciences Library), Ohio Public Archives, The Ohio State University Archives, and the Historic Costumes & Textile Collection.

Khrizograf 2 (2005), a Russian journal about manuscripts

Chrysograph / Хризограф is a journal sponsored by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, State Institute for Art Studies, and the Grabar Art Conservation Centre, the Manuscript Conservation Department. As Georgi Parpulov noted on Facebook, the volume is accessible online as a downloadable pdf.

Хризограф [Khrizograf], volume 2 (2005)

Cover of volume 2 of the journal Khrizograf: brownish green background cover, image (3.5 x 4.5) of bearded scribe in blue tunic and rose-colored robe in middle of cover (2.5 inches from spine, 1 inch from book edge); title and volume number (vypusk 2) in yellow

Chysograph 2 (2005)

Г. З. Быкова. Пергамен как основа средневековных рукописей, 8
Galina Bykova, Parchment as the Basis of medieval Manuscripts, 21

Б. Л. Фонкич. Греческие рукописи собрания М. П. Погодина, 23
Boris Fonkich, Greek Manuscripts in the M.P. Pogodin Collection, 25

А. М. Bruni. Sulla datazione del codice Vat. gr. 460 delle Orazioni di Gregorio Nazianzo, 27
Алессандро М. Бруни, О датировке кодекса Слов Григория Назианзина Vat. gr. 460, 32

Э. Н. Добрынина. О датировке миниатюр греческого Евангелия 999 г. ГИМ, Муз. 3644, 33
Elina Dobrynina, On Dating the Miniatures in а Greek Manuscript of 999 in the State Historical Museum, Mus. 3644, 53

Э. С. Смирнова. Русский лицевой Служебник XIV в. в Нью-Йорке, 54
Engelina Smirnova, А 14th-century Russian illustrated Euchologion in New York, 73

Г. Р. Парпулов, Художественное оформление Четвероевангелия болгарского царя Георгия II Тертера (Афон, Хиландар, № 18), 74
Georgi Parpulov, The Decoration of the Gospelbook of Czar George II Terter of Bulgaria,  Chilandar, Slavic Ms 18, 92

Л. И. Лифшиц. Малоизвестный памятник русской живописи первой четверти XV в. из собрания Государственного исторического музея, 94
Lev Lifshits, A little known Monument of Russian Painting of the first quarter of the 15th century from the State Historical Museum Collection, Syn. 742, 108

В. В.  Игошев. Исследоваие и атрибуция орнаментального тиснения на кожаном переплете Евангелия ГИМ, Син. 742, 109
Valery Igoshev, Study and Attribution of the ornamental Embossing on the leather Binding of a 1383 (?) Four Gospels (State Historical Museum, Syn. 742), 125

С. Г. Жемайтис. К вопросу о происхождении и бытовании Киевсой Псалтири (1397–1518 rr.), 126
Sergej Zhemaitis, On the Origiп and Рrovenance of the Kiev Psalter ( 1397-1518), 138

А. А. Турилов. Критерии определения славяно-молдавских рукописей XV-XVI вв., 139
Anatoly Turilov, Criteria for determining Slavonic Moldavian Manuscripts of the 15th and 16th Centuries, 168

E. Moussakova. Pimen of Zograph’s Manuscripts as an Example of Collaboration among Scribes, 169
Елисавета Мусакова, Рукописи Пимена Зографского как пример сотрудничества писцов, 199

Т. И. Афанасьева. Некоторые особенности состава славянских служебников XI-XV вв. в сравнении с греческими евхологиями этого периода, 200
Tatyana Afanasieva, Some specific Features in the Composition of Slavonic Euchologia of the 11th to 15th Centuries compared with Greek Euchologia of the same Period, 207

Е. В. Уханова. Новые данные о переводах Студийского устава в первой половине XIII в., происходящие из библиотеки Иосифа Волоцкого, 209
Elena Oukhanova, New Data on Translations of the Studite Typicon in Mediaeval Russia, coming from Joseph of Volokolamsk’s Library, 229

Л. В. Мошкова. Западнорусская Кормчая особого состава, 231
Lyudmila Moshkova. A West Russian Nomocanon of special Compilation, 241

Э. В. Шульгина. Лицевой сборник Житий вологодских святых XVII в. (ГИМ, Увар. 107-1°), 242
Emilia Shulgina. An illuminated Miscellany of Lives of 17th-century Vologdan Saints (State Historical Museum, Uvar.107-1°), 261

Ж. Н. Иванова. Уникальный экземпляр киевских гравированных <<Святцев>> первой трети XVII в. в составе сборника ГИМ, Муз 293, 262
Zhanna Ivanova, A unique Specimen of the first third of the 17th-century engraved Menologion in the State Historical Museum Miscellany, Mus. 293, 270

А. Л. Лифшиц. Кириак Ястребенский – неизвестный книжник второй четверти XVIII в., 271
Alexander Lifshits, Kiriak Yastrebensky, an unknown Man of Letters from the second quarter of the 18th Century, 278

И.Н. Лебедева. К проблеме взаимоотношения русской книжной миниатюрыи иконописи (о некоторых лицевых ркописях из коллекции Н. П. Лихаева), 279
Irina Lebedeva, On the Relationship between Russian Book Illumination and Icon-painting (with Reference to some illuminated Manuscripts from the Collection of N. P. Likhachev), 291

Рецензии / Reviews

К 85-летию Ольги Александровны Князевской (А. Л. Лифшиц, А. А. Турилов), 294

Agati M. L. Il libro manoscritto. Introduzione alla codicologia. Roma, 2003 (Н. Каврус-Хоффманн), 296
English translation (Nadezda Kavrus-Hoffmann), 302

Cohen-Mushlin A. The Making of a Manuscript. The Worms Bible of 1148 (British Library, Harley 2803-2804). Wiesbaden, 1983; Cohen-Mushlin A. A Medieval Scriptiorium. Sancta Maria Magdalena de Frankendal. Vol. 1-2. Wiesbaden, 1990; Cohen-Mushlin A. Scriptoria in Medieval Saxony. St Pancras in Hamersleben. Wiesbaden, 2004 (И. П. Мокрецова), 307
English translation (Inna Mokretsova), 315

Бруни А. М. Θεολόγος. Древнеславянские кодексы Слов Григория Назианзина и их византийские прототипы. М.; СПб., 2004 (И.Н. Лебедева), 316
English translation (Irina Lebedeva), 319

Указатель шифров рукописей / Index of Manuscripts, 321

Список сокращений / List of Abbreviations, 330

Dr. Yvonne Burns (1920-1998): Comparative Studies on Greek and Slavonic Gospel Lectionaries

The Hilandar Research Library received a query regarding the work of Dr. Yvonne Eileen Burns, whose published scholarship focused on Greek and Slavonic Gospel lectionaries. A “former lecturer in Serbocroat Language and Literature, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London,” Dr. Burns received her doctorate from the University of London in 1975.  Her dissertation, available online to download, is entitled A Comparative Study of the Weekday Lection Systems Found in Some Greek and Early Slavonic Gospel Lectionaries.

As indicated in various early volumes of Polata knigopisnaia: An informational bulletin devoted to the study of early Slavic books, texts and literatures, edited by William R. Veder (University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands) and Mario Capaldo (Università di Roma, Italia), Dr. Burns was active in the early 1980s presenting at conferences (such as the 21-24 March 1981: Birmingham. Fifteenth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies: Byzantium and the Slavs), attending meetings (e.g., 7 November 1981, Oxford: Meeting of the Slavic and East European Medieval Study Group, see the abstract of her “Lection Systems and Rubrics in the Study of Greek and Slavonic Gospel Manuscripts“) and publishing (she submitted a bibliography, pp. 80-81).

Robert F. Taft, S.J., cites the work of Dr. Burns in his The Byzantine Rite: A Short History (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1992), 49n17. There is an online Russian translation.

More recently, Dr. Burns was cited with Elena Velkovska for the significance of their individual research in Daniel Galadza’s 2018 book, Liturgy and Byzantinization in Jerusalem (Oxford University Press, p. 302):

“Similar studies on the lectionary have also been undertaken for the Byzantine rite, allowing a comparison between Hagiopolite and Constantinopolitan practices. The works of Yvonne Burns and Elena Velkovska are fundamental to an understanding of the structure and development of Byzantine lectionaries.”

Dr. Burns died on September 16, 1998 in Claygate, Surrey, England.

 

Selected Bibliography

“The Canaanites and Other Additional Lections in Early Slavonic Lectionaries.” Revue des études sud-est européennes 13 (1975): 525-528. Bucharest.

“Chapter Numbers in Greek and Slavonic Gospel Codices.” New Testament Studies 23.3 (1977) 320-333. Cambridge.

“The Historical Events that Occasioned the Inception of the Byzantine Gospel Lectionaries.” Jahrbuch der österreichischen Byzantinistik 32.4 (1982): 119-127. Wien.

“The Lectionary of the Patriarch of Constantinople.” Studia Patristica 15.1 (1984): 515-520. Berlin.

“The Numbering of the Johannine Saturdays and Sundays in Greek and Slavonic Gospel Lectionaries.” Palaeobulgarica/Старобългаристика 1.2 (1977): 43-55. Sofia.

[Бернс, Ивона.] “Распоред недељних перикопа у Мирослављевом јеванђељу”/’The Weekday Lection System of Miroslav’s Gospel.’ Зборник Народног музеја 6 (1970): 259-286. Beograd.

Women in the Royal Book of Degrees

A recent acquisition to the Hilandar Research Library’s holdings of secondary literature includes Set Me as a Seal upon Thy Heart: Constructions of Female Sanctity in Late Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the Early Modern Period, edited by Andrea-Bianka Znorovszky (Budapest: Trivent Publishing, 2018). Of particular note for Slavicists is the first article by Rosie Finlinson (MSSI 2015), who examines royal women in the Muscovite dynastic structure of the Stepennaia kniga or ‘Royal Book of Degrees.’

Manuscript page of black ink cursive and red cinnabar headings of texts about Princess Olga. Brown water stain on upper right and lower left corners of the page.

The baptism of Princess Olga from a Stepennaia kniga, SPEC.OSU.HRL.SMS.18, f. 13r

Table of Contents

Gerhard Jaritz, Preface [Foreword], 1
Andrea-Bianka Znorovszky, Introduction, 3-4

Part I
Women (Re)constructed


Rosie Finlinson (University of Cambridge, United Kingdom), “Bricks to Bones: Royal Women and the Construction of Holy Place in the Stepennaia Kniga,” 7-28
Andra Jugǎnaru (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece), “Macrina and Melanie the Elder: Painting the Portraits of Holy Learned Women in the Fourth-Century Roman Empire,” 29-41
Andrea-Bianka Znorovszky (Austrian Academy of Sciences, Universität Salzburg), “The Apocyphal Geography of Virgin Mary in Hagiographic Collections: Dissemination and Liturgy,” 43-65

Part II
Power and Martyrdom

Francesco Calò (Università degli studi di Bari, Italy), “Devozione privata e ostentazione politica: Ruggero I il Gran Conte e la diffusione del culto di santa Lucia tra Sicilia e Meridione d’Italia,” 69-103
Cǎtǎlina-Tatiana Covaciu (“Babeş Bolyai” University, Romania), “Beyond a Hagiographic Cliché. On the Supernatural Sustenance of Saint Catherine of Siena,” 105-134
Silvia Marin Barutcieff (University of Bucharest, Romania), “Between Similarity and Distinction: Notes on the Iconography of Saint Wilgefortis in the Medieval and Early Modern Periods,” 135-156.

Manuscript page of black ink cursive and red cinnabar headings of texts about Princess Olga

About Princess Olga’s arrival in Constantinople, her baptism, and about Tsar John Tzimiskes [sic], from a Stepennaia kniga, SPEC.OSU.HRL.SMS.18, f. 12r

Season’s Greetings from the Hilandar Research Library and the Resource Center for Medieval Slavic Studies!

Pimen Sofronov’s Work at St. Anthony’s in Bergenfield, NJ

The Very Rev. John H. Erickson, the Peter N. Gramowich Professor Emeritus of Church History at St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Theological Seminary, is the author of the children’s book, Orthodox Christians in America (1999), which is part of the Religion in American Life series of Oxford University Press. The book is recommended for grades 7 and up or ages 12 and above.

In Chapter 5 “The Quest for Unity,” Erickson focuses on “The Birth of a Pan-Orthodox Mission Parish,” in Bergen County, New Jersey, i.e., St. Anthony Orthodox Church:

“‘To establish a multiethnic parish in Bergen Country, N.J., and to adopt English for use in the services’ was the goal of seven Arab-American Orthodox families when they asked the late Metropolitan Antony Bashir for his archpastoral blessing in April 1956….

“In 1958 Gabriel Ashie was ordained a priest and assigned to the new parish by Metropolitan Antony. Within a few years a beautiful church was built in Bergenfield, bordering on Englewood and Tenafly. Pimen Sofronov, the most famous iconographer in this hemisphere, painted the icons for the iconostasis. By that point, the congregation was more than 100 families–30 percent Slavs, 30 percent Arabs, 30 percent Greeks, and 10 percent converts. The phenomenon of the pan-ethnic parish in suburban New Jersey was realized!” (Erickson 1999: 106-107; bold is added for this blog post).

St. Anthony’s has some beautiful photos on its website of the icons and stained glass in its church in a Google Photos folder labeled St. Anthony’s At a Glance (accessed August 31, 2018).

Iconostasis at St. Anthony Orthodox Church (Bergenfield, NJ)

Not all of the work depicted in the online photo gallery of St. Anthony’s interior was done by Pimen Sofronov, but the icon of St. Sophia with her daughters Faith, Hope and Charity, is immediately recognizable and familiar from an icon and fresco at the Three Saints Church in Ansonia, Connecticut.

In the Pimen M. Sofronov Collection at the Hilandar Research Library, we have several of Sofronov’s working drawings of St. Sofia with Vera (‘Faith’), Liubov’ (‘Love”), and Nadezhda (‘Hope’).

St. Sophia with her daughters Faith, Hope and Charity at St. Anthony Orthodox Church (Bergenfield NJ)

 

 

 

Welcome to the Hilandar Research Library & the Resource Center for Medieval Slavic Studies at The Ohio State University

To welcome new visitors and patrons, we summarize here some resources to explain to the uninitiated about the Hilandar Research Library (HRL) and the Resource Center for Medieval Slavic Studies (RCMSS).

Note that the photo of the HRL/RCMSS in the video (see below) shows one of the two rooms we inhabited before the renovation of the William Oxley Thompson Library.

Hilandar Research Library, 225 Main Library, circa 1992

Former location of the Hilandar Research Library, circa 1992

Here’s where we are currently located, sharing  space since 2009 with the Rare Books and Manuscripts Library and the Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute in the Jack and Jan Creighton Special Collections Reading Room (Thompson Library 105):

 Jack and Jan Creighton Special Collections Reading Room (THO 105)

The Jack and Jan Creighton Special Collections Reading Room (THO 105)

THO-105-a

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Pimen M. Sofronov in America

To date, there is no comprehensive and definitive list of the works created by the Russian Old Believer iconographer, Pimen M. Sofronov (1898-1973).  After immigrating to the United States in 1947, he created frescoes and icons for numerous churches and individuals, and taught iconography in various places.

*Note that the names of churches in America below are linked to current websites.

“A Brief Biography” is provided in a program for Sofronov’s “Exhibition of Icons” sponsored by The Russian Orthodox Icon Society at the Russian Orthodox Cathedral in San Francisco, California, March 5-21, 1966.

Born 1898.

Began to study iconography 1910.

Taught courses in icon painting:

  • Riga, 1930
  • Paris, 1933 (10 months)
  • Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1934 (3 months)
  • Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1935-38

1939, went to Italy, where, at the request of the Vatican, he painted 56 icons for the projected World Exhibition of Religious Art.

1941, held exhibition of his iconographic work in Rome.

1947, came to America at the invitation of Russian Orthodox Archbp. Vitaly of N. Y. to paint icons in various churches.

1953-55, painted walls of Sts. Peter & Paul Church, Syracuse, N. Y.

1955-57, painted walls and iconostas of St. Vladimir Church, Trenton, N. J.

1958-60, painted walls in Holy Trinity Church in Brooklyn, N. Y.

1960, became American citizen.

1961, celebrated 50th anniversary jubilee of icon painting.

1960-62, painted frescoes and icons on iconostas in Three Hierarchs Church in Ansonia, Conn.

1965, came to San Francisco at invitation of Russian Orthodox Icon Society to teach courses in icon painting.

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